Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Departments of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
BMJ Open. 2023 Jul 12;13(7):e069523. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069523.
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) refers to the repeated sampling of information about an individual's symptoms and behaviours, enabling the capture of ecologically meaningful real-time information in a timely manner. Compliance with EMA is critical in determining the validity of an assessment. However, there is limited evidence related to how the elderly comply with EMA programmes or the factors that are associated with compliance.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched up to 17 July 2022.
We included observational studies on EMA in the elderly reported in English.
Two investigators independently performed screening and data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion or a third investigator. A systematic review was carried out to characterise the basic characteristics of the participants and EMA programmes. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess overall compliance and to explore factors associated with differences in compliance among the elderly.
A total of 20 studies with 2047 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the combined compliance rate was 86.41% (95% CI: 77.38% to 92.20%; I=96.4%; p<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed high levels of heterogeneity in terms of the methods used to assess population classification, assessment method and assessment frequency, although these may not be the sources of heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis showed that population classification and assessment period might have a significant impact on heterogeneity (p<0.05). Egger's test indicated significant publication bias (p<0.001).
Compliance with EMA programmes is high in the elderly. It is recommended that scholars design reasonable EMA programmes according to the health status of the elderly in the future.
生态瞬时评估（EMA）是指对个体症状和行为信息进行反复采样，从而及时捕捉具有生态意义的实时信息。EMA 的依从性对于评估的有效性至关重要。然而，关于老年人如何遵守 EMA 计划或与依从性相关的因素的证据有限。
系统评价和荟萃分析。
截至 2022 年 7 月 17 日，检索了 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆和 Web of Science。
纳入以英语报告的老年人 EMA 的观察性研究。
两名调查员独立进行筛选和数据提取。如有分歧，则通过讨论或第三名调查员解决。进行系统评价以描述参与者和 EMA 计划的基本特征。采用随机效应荟萃分析评估总体依从性，并探讨与老年人依从性差异相关的因素。
共纳入 20 项研究，2047 名参与者进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。荟萃分析显示，总依从率为 86.41%（95%CI：77.38%~92.20%；I²=96.4%；p<0.001）。亚组分析显示，在评估人群分类、评估方法和评估频率的方法方面存在高度异质性，但这些方法可能不是异质性的来源。元回归分析表明，人群分类和评估期可能对异质性有显著影响（p<0.05）。Egger 检验表明存在显著的发表偏倚（p<0.001）。
老年人对 EMA 计划的依从性较高。建议学者们今后根据老年人的健康状况设计合理的 EMA 计划。
