Philosophy Department, 67-69 Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LP, Glasgow, UK.
HEC Forum. 2024 Sep;36(3):423-439. doi: 10.1007/s10730-023-09510-5. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
Hendricks (2018) has defended an argument that abortion is (usually) immoral, which he calls the impairment argument. This argument purports to apply regardless of the moral status of the fetus. It has recently been bolstered by several amendments from Blackshaw and Hendricks (2021a; 2021b). In this paper, three problems are presented for their Strengthened Impairment Argument (SIA). In the first, it is observed that even with the new modifications the argument, contrary to their insistence, does seem to depend on Marquis' argument. In order for it not to do so, they would need to provide some other plausible reason why impairing a fetus is wrong that persists in cases of abortion. Because of the restrictions regarding what reasons can be used, they are not entitled to stipulate that some plausible reason can be found. In the second section, the use of an over-ridingness caveat - the most recent modification - is scrutinised. This is shown to either beg the question about the permissibility of abortion by assuming that opposing reasons are insufficient in most cases, or require an entirely separate argument to establish that such reasons are insufficient. Thirdly, I observe that the principle utilised in the latest version of the argument fails to account for undercutting reason, which suggest that the principle, in its current form, is false.
亨德里克斯(2018 年)为堕胎通常是不道德的这一观点进行了辩护,他称之为损害论点。该论点据称适用于所有情况,而不论胎儿的道德地位如何。最近,布莱克肖和亨德里克斯(2021a;2021b)对该论点进行了几项修正,使其得到了加强。在本文中,针对他们的强化损害论点(SIA)提出了三个问题。在第一个问题中,有人指出,即使有了新的修正,该论点似乎仍然依赖于马奎尔的论点,这与他们的坚持相悖。如果不这样做,他们就需要提供一些其他合理的理由来解释为什么损害胎儿是错误的,而且这种理由在堕胎的情况下仍然成立。由于对可以使用的理由的限制,他们无权规定可以找到一些合理的理由。在第二节中,对使用压倒性免责声明——最近的修正——进行了仔细审查。这表明,要么通过假设在大多数情况下,反对的理由是不充分的,从而回避了关于堕胎是否允许的问题,要么需要一个单独的论证来证明这样的理由是不充分的。第三,我观察到,该论点的最新版本中使用的原则没有考虑到削弱理由,这表明该原则在其当前形式下是错误的。