Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 24;19(7):3879. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073879.
Telework (also referred to as telecommuting or remote work), is defined as working outside of the conventional office setting, such as within one's home or in a remote office location, often using a form of information communication technology to communicate with others (supervisors, coworkers, subordinates, customers, etc.) and to perform work tasks. Remote work increased over the last decade and tremendously in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to review and critically evaluate the existing research about telework and worker health and well-being. In addition, we review and evaluate how engaging in this flexible form of work impacts worker health and well-being. Specifically, we performed a literature search on the empirical literature related to teleworking and worker health and well-being, and reviewed articles published after the year 2000 based on the extent to which they had been discussed in prior reviews. Next, we developed a conceptual framework based on our review of the empirical literature. Our model explains the process by which telework may affect worker health and well-being in reference to individual, work/life/family, organizational, and macro level factors. These components are explained in depth, followed by methodological and fundamental recommendations intended to guide future research, policies, and practices to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms associated with telework, and offer recommendations for future research.
远程办公（也称为远程办公或远程工作），是指在传统办公环境之外工作，例如在家中或远程办公地点，通常使用某种形式的信息通信技术与他人（主管、同事、下属、客户等）进行沟通和执行工作任务。远程办公在过去十年中有所增加，并且在 COVID-19 大流行期间大幅增加。本文旨在回顾和批判性评估有关远程办公和工人健康与福祉的现有研究。此外，我们还回顾和评估从事这种灵活工作形式如何影响工人的健康和福祉。具体来说，我们对与远程工作和工人健康与福祉相关的实证文献进行了文献检索，并根据之前的综述中讨论的程度，对 2000 年后发表的文章进行了审查。接下来，我们根据实证文献的综述，制定了一个概念框架。我们的模型解释了远程工作可能通过参考个人、工作/生活/家庭、组织和宏观层面的因素来影响工人健康和福祉的过程。这些组成部分都进行了深入的解释，随后提出了方法学和基础性建议，旨在指导未来的研究、政策和实践，以最大限度地提高远程办公的益处并将其相关危害降到最低，并为未来的研究提供建议。
