Grossi Ilaria, Marchina Eleonora, De Petro Giuseppina, Salvi Alessandro
Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jun 23;15(13):3318. doi: 10.3390/cancers15133318.
The lncRNA plays a significant role in tumorigenicity and progression of breast cancer (BC). In this review, we first summarize the role of in cell biology, focusing on its expression data in human normal tissues. We present data on expression in human BC tissues, highlighting its downregulation in all major BC classes. The main findings regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying dysregulation are discussed, including DNA hypermethylation of the CpG island located in the promoter region of the gene. We focused on the action of as a miRNA sponge, which is able to sequester microRNAs and modulate the expression levels of their mRNA targets, particularly those involved in cell invasion, apoptosis, and drug response. In the second part, we highlight the translational implications of in BC. We discuss the current knowledge on the role of as candidate prognostic factor, a responsive molecular therapeutic target, and a circulating biomarker in liquid biopsies with clinical importance in BC. The findings position as a promising druggable biomolecule and stimulate the development of strategies to restore its expression levels for novel therapeutic approaches that could benefit BC patients in the future.
长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）在乳腺癌（BC）的肿瘤发生和进展中起着重要作用。在本综述中，我们首先总结了lncRNA在细胞生物学中的作用，重点关注其在人类正常组织中的表达数据。我们展示了lncRNA在人类BC组织中的表达数据，强调其在所有主要BC类型中的下调情况。讨论了关于lncRNA失调潜在分子机制的主要发现，包括位于该基因启动子区域的CpG岛的DNA高甲基化。我们重点关注lncRNA作为一种微小RNA（miRNA）海绵的作用，它能够隔离miRNA并调节其mRNA靶标的表达水平，特别是那些参与细胞侵袭、凋亡和药物反应的靶标。在第二部分中，我们强调了lncRNA在BC中的转化意义。我们讨论了目前关于lncRNA作为候选预后因子、反应性分子治疗靶点以及在液体活检中具有临床重要性的循环生物标志物的作用的知识。这些发现将lncRNA定位为一种有前景的可药物化生物分子，并刺激了恢复其表达水平的策略的发展，以用于未来可能使BC患者受益的新型治疗方法。
