Chinnappan Raja, Mir Tanveer Ahmad, Alsalameh Sulaiman, Makhzoum Tariq, Alzhrani Alaa, Alnajjar Khalid, Adeeb Salma, Al Eman Noor, Ahmed Zara, Shakir Ismail, Al-Kattan Khaled, Yaqinuddin Ahmed
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Laboratory of Tissue/Organ Bioengineering & BioMEMS, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research & Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jun 29;15(13):3414. doi: 10.3390/cancers15133414.
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed of all cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among men and women worldwide, causing 1.5 million deaths every year. Despite developments in cancer treatment technologies and new pharmaceutical products, high mortality and morbidity remain major challenges for researchers. More than 75% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed in advanced stages, leading to poor prognosis. Lung cancer is a multistep process associated with genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Rapid, accurate, precise, and reliable detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological fluids is essential for risk assessment for a given individual and mortality reduction. Traditional diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough to detect and diagnose lung cancer in the early stages. Therefore, the development of novel bioanalytical methods for early-stage screening and diagnosis is extremely important. Recently, biosensors have gained tremendous attention as an alternative to conventional methods because of their robustness, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, and easy handling and deployment in point-of-care testing. This review provides an overview of the conventional methods currently used for lung cancer screening, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis, providing updates on research and developments in biosensor technology for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers in biological samples. Finally, it comments on recent advances and potential future challenges in the field of biosensors in the context of lung cancer diagnosis and point-of-care applications.
肺癌是所有癌症中最常被诊断出的疾病，也是全球男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因之一，每年导致150万人死亡。尽管癌症治疗技术和新的药品有所发展，但高死亡率和高发病率仍然是研究人员面临的主要挑战。超过75%的肺癌患者在晚期才被诊断出来，导致预后不良。肺癌是一个与遗传和表观遗传异常相关的多步骤过程。在生物体液中快速、准确、精确和可靠地检测肺癌生物标志物对于给定个体的风险评估和降低死亡率至关重要。传统的诊断工具在早期检测和诊断肺癌方面不够敏感。因此，开发用于早期筛查和诊断的新型生物分析方法极其重要。近年来，生物传感器因其坚固性、高灵敏度、低成本以及易于在即时检测中操作和应用，作为传统方法的替代方案而备受关注。本文综述了目前用于肺癌筛查、分类、诊断和预后的传统方法，介绍了用于检测生物样本中肺癌生物标志物的生物传感器技术的研究和发展动态。最后，针对肺癌诊断和即时检测应用领域中生物传感器的最新进展和未来潜在挑战进行了评述。
