Jialal Ishwarlal, Adams-Huet Beverley, Devaraj Sridevi
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655, USA.
UCDavis School of Medicine and VA Medical Center, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA.
J Clin Med. 2023 Jun 24;12(13):4247. doi: 10.3390/jcm12134247.
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a global problem, predisposes to an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and premature cardiovascular disease. While MetS is associated with central obesity, there is scanty data on adipocyte hypertrophy, increased fat cell size (FCS), in MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate FCS status in adipose tissue (AT) biopsy of patients with nascent MetS without the confounding of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, smoking, or lipid therapy. Fasting blood and subcutaneous gluteal AT biopsies were obtained in MetS ( = 20) and controls ( = 19). Cardio-metabolic features, FFA levels, hsCRP, and HOMA-IR were significantly increased in patients with MetS. Waist-circumference (WC) adjusted-FCS was significantly increased in patients with MetS and increased with increasing severity of MetS. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between FCS with glucose, HDL-C, and the ratio of TG: HDL-C. There were significant correlations between FCS and FFA, as well as endotoxin and monocyte TLR4 abundance. Additionally, FCS correlated with readouts of NLRP3 Inflammasome activity. Most importantly, FCS correlated with markers of fibrosis and angiogenesis. In conclusion, in patients with nascent MetS, we demonstrate WC-adjusted increase in FCS from gluteal adipose tissue which correlated with cellular inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. While these preliminary observations were in gluteal fat, future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in visceral and other fat depots.
代谢综合征（MetS）是一个全球性问题，会增加患2型糖尿病和过早发生心血管疾病的风险。虽然MetS与中心性肥胖有关，但关于MetS中脂肪细胞肥大、脂肪细胞大小（FCS）增加的数据却很少。本研究的目的是调查初发MetS患者脂肪组织（AT）活检中的FCS状态，而不考虑糖尿病、心血管疾病、吸烟或脂质治疗的干扰因素。在20例MetS患者和19例对照者中获取了空腹血液和臀皮下AT活检样本。MetS患者的心脏代谢特征、游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）显著升高。MetS患者经腰围（WC）校正的FCS显著升高，并随MetS严重程度的增加而升高。此外，FCS与血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）以及甘油三酯与HDL-C的比值之间存在显著相关性。FCS与FFA、内毒素和单核细胞Toll样受体4（TLR4）丰度之间也存在显著相关性。此外，FCS与NLRP3炎性小体活性的读数相关。最重要的是，FCS与纤维化和血管生成的标志物相关。总之，在初发MetS患者中，我们证明臀脂肪组织经WC校正的FCS增加，这与细胞炎症、纤维化和血管生成相关。虽然这些初步观察是在臀脂肪中进行的，但未来的研究有必要在内脏和其他脂肪储存部位证实这些发现。
