National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 26;24(13):10666. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310666.
The size of seeds is particularly important for agricultural development, as it is a key trait that determines yield. It is controlled by the coordinated development of the integument, endosperm, and embryo. Large seeds are an important way of improving the ultimate "sink strength" of crops, providing more nutrients for early plant growth and showing certain tolerance to abiotic stresses. There are several pathways for regulating plant seed size, including the HAIKU (IKU) pathway, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, G (Guanosine triphosphate) protein regulatory pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transcriptional regulators pathway, and phytohormone regulatory pathways including the auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellin (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinin (CK), Abscisic acid (ABA), and microRNA (miRNA) regulatory pathways. This article summarizes the seed size regulatory network and prospective ways of improving yield. We expect that it will provide a valuable reference to researchers in related fields.
种子大小对农业发展尤为重要，因为它是决定产量的关键特征。它由种皮、胚乳和胚胎的协调发育控制。大种子是提高作物最终“库强度”的重要途径，为早期植物生长提供更多养分，并表现出对非生物胁迫的一定耐受性。有几种途径可以调节植物种子大小，包括 HAIKU（IKU）途径、泛素-蛋白酶体途径、G（鸟苷三磷酸）蛋白调节途径、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径、转录因子调节途径以及包括生长素、油菜素内酯（BR）、赤霉素（GA）、茉莉酸（JA）、细胞分裂素（CK）、脱落酸（ABA）和 microRNA（miRNA）调节途径在内的植物激素调节途径。本文总结了种子大小的调控网络和提高产量的潜在途径。我们希望它能为相关领域的研究人员提供有价值的参考。
