Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 30;24(13):10970. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310970.
As an important medicinal and aromatic plant, patchouli is distributed throughout most of Asia. However, current research on patchouli's genetic diversity is limited and lacks genome-wide studies. Here, we have collected seven representative patchouli accessions from different localities and performed whole-genome resequencing on them. In total, 402,650 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 153,233 insertions/deletions (INDELs) were detected. Based on these abundant genetic variants, patchouli accessions were primarily classified into the Chinese group and the Southeast Asian group. However, the accession SP (Shipai) collected from China formed a distinct subgroup within the Southeast Asian group. As SP has been used as a genuine herb in traditional Chinese medicine, its unique molecular markers have been subsequently screened and verified. For 26,144 specific SNPs and 16,289 specific INDELs in SP, 10 of them were validated using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) following three different approaches. Further, we analyzed the effects of total genetic variants on genes involved in the sesquiterpene synthesis pathway, which produce the primary phytochemical compounds found in patchouli. Eight genes were ultimately investigated and a gene encoding nerolidol synthetase () was chosen and confirmed through biochemical assay. In accession YN, genetic variants in led to a loss of synthetase activity. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the diversity of patchouli germplasm resources.
作为一种重要的药用和芳香植物，广藿香分布于亚洲大部分地区。然而，目前对广藿香遗传多样性的研究有限，缺乏全基因组研究。在这里，我们从不同地区收集了 7 个有代表性的广藿香样本，并对它们进行了全基因组重测序。总共检测到 402650 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和 153233 个插入/缺失（INDEL）。基于这些丰富的遗传变异，广藿香样本主要分为中国组和东南亚组。然而，来自中国的样本 SP（石牌）在东南亚组内形成了一个独特的亚群。由于 SP 已被用作传统中药中的一种真正草药，因此随后筛选和验证了其独特的分子标记。对于 SP 中的 26144 个特异性 SNP 和 16289 个特异性 INDEL，其中 10 个通过三种不同方法的聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行了验证。此外，我们分析了总遗传变异对参与倍半萜合成途径的基因的影响，这些基因产生了广藿香中主要的植物化学化合物。最终研究了 8 个基因，选择并通过生化测定证实了编码香叶醇合酶（）的基因。在 YN 样本中，导致合酶活性丧失的是基因中的遗传变异。我们的研究结果为理解广藿香种质资源多样性提供了有价值的信息。
