Department of Health and Exercise Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 21;15(13):2827. doi: 10.3390/nu15132827.
There is limited information regarding the dietary habits and energy availability (EA) of collegiate athletes. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to assess the nutrient intakes, dietary habits, and prevalence of low EA (<30 kcals/kg FFM) in a group of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III male and female swimmers. Energy and nutrient intake, body composition, and exercise energy expenditure was assessed in 30 ( = 15 males, = 15 females) NCAA Division III swimmers during pre-season using three-day diet and seven-day activity records alongside multi-frequency, bioelectric impedance analysis. A validated screening tool was used to assess for low EA in the female swimmers. Mean EA in male and female athletes was 32.7 ± 12 and 34.9 ± 13.7 kcals/kg FFM, respectively, and was not significantly different between the sexes ( = 0.65). Twenty percent of swimmers ( = 3 males, = 3 females) presented with optimal EA, 37% ( = 5 males, = 6 females) presented with sub-optimal EA, and 43% ( = 7 males, = 6 females) presented with low EA. Swimmers who presented with a low EA consumed significantly less calories, carbohydrates, and proteins than non-low EA swimmers ( < 0.02). The validated screening tool failed to classify 50% of female swimmers who presented with low EA. Only eight athletes achieved the USDA MyPlate recommendation for fruits, whereas three athletes achieved the recommendation for vegetables, with no differences between the sexes ( > 0.05). The present findings show that there was a high prevalence of low EA during the pre-season among male and female collegiate swimmers that was not fully captured using a validated screening tool for females. Low EA occurred alongside lower intakes of calories, carbohydrates, and proteins, and the majority of swimmers did not meet the United States Department of Agriculture recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake. These data stress the need for improved dietary intakes in NCAA Division III collegiate swimmers.
关于大学生运动员的饮食习惯和能量供应（EA），信息有限。因此，本研究的目的是评估一组美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）第三分部的男性和女性游泳运动员的营养素摄入量、饮食习惯以及低 EA（<30 kcals/kg FFM）的患病率。在赛季前，使用三天饮食和七天活动记录以及多频生物电阻抗分析，对 30 名（= 15 名男性，= 15 名女性）NCAA 第三分部游泳运动员的能量和营养素摄入、身体成分和运动能量消耗进行了评估。使用经过验证的筛选工具来评估女性游泳运动员的低 EA 情况。男性和女性运动员的平均 EA 分别为 32.7 ± 12 和 34.9 ± 13.7 kcals/kg FFM，男女之间无显著差异（= 0.65）。20%的游泳运动员（= 3 名男性，= 3 名女性）表现出最佳 EA，37%（= 5 名男性，= 6 名女性）表现出亚最佳 EA，43%（= 7 名男性，= 6 名女性）表现出低 EA。表现出低 EA 的游泳运动员摄入的卡路里、碳水化合物和蛋白质明显少于非低 EA 游泳运动员（<0.02）。验证后的筛选工具未能将 50%的出现低 EA 的女性游泳运动员进行分类。只有 8 名运动员达到了美国农业部 MyPlate 对水果的推荐摄入量，而 3 名运动员达到了对蔬菜的推荐摄入量，男女之间没有差异（>0.05）。本研究结果表明，在赛季前，男性和女性大学生游泳运动员中存在高比例的低 EA，而使用验证后的女性低 EA 筛选工具并未完全捕捉到这一情况。低 EA 与卡路里、碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入量较低有关，大多数游泳运动员没有达到美国农业部对水果和蔬菜摄入量的建议。这些数据强调了 NCAA 第三分部大学生游泳运动员需要改善饮食摄入。
