Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 21;15(13):2829. doi: 10.3390/nu15132829.
Osteoporosis is a major public health concern in Saudi Arabia's aging population. There is particularly limited information on how diet affects bone loss in this ethnic group. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dietary calcium (Ca) intake and osteoporosis risk in Saudi adults. A total of 1950 patients (416 males and 1534 females) with known risk factors for osteoporosis participated in this cross-sectional study. A short questionnaire (CaQ) was used to assess dietary Ca intakes in patients attending tertiary hospitals in Riyadh City. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 21.3% and was more common in females (93.5%). Patients with osteoporosis were older ( < 0.001) and had lower BMI ( < 0.001). Results showed that the overall mean Ca intake was only 445.1 mg/day (recommended dietary intake of 1300 mg/day). Tea intake (OR = 0.8 95%CI: 0.7-1.0; = 0.02) and consumption of fish and eggs (OR = 0.9 95%CI: 0.8-1.0; = 0.01) were significantly associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis. Furthermore, consumption of biscuits, cake and bread slices were significantly associated with higher incidence of osteoporosis (OR = 1.3 95%CI: 1.0-1.5; = 0.02). In conclusion, extremely low dietary Ca intake was observed among Saudi adults already at risk of osteoporosis. A balanced diet including high amount of Ca, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids accompanied by limiting consumption of foods high in saturated fats and glycemic index may be helpful in reducing osteoporosis risk in the Saudi adult population.
骨质疏松症是沙特阿拉伯老年人口中一个主要的公共健康问题。关于饮食如何影响该族裔人群的骨质流失，相关信息特别有限。本研究旨在探讨沙特成年人饮食中钙（Ca）摄入量与骨质疏松症风险之间的关联。共有 1950 名（416 名男性和 1534 名女性）已知患有骨质疏松症风险因素的患者参与了这项横断面研究。在利雅得市的三级医院就诊的患者使用简短的问卷（CaQ）来评估饮食中的 Ca 摄入量。骨质疏松症的患病率为 21.3%，且更常见于女性（93.5%）。患有骨质疏松症的患者年龄更大（<0.001），BMI 更低（<0.001）。结果表明，总体平均 Ca 摄入量仅为 445.1mg/天（推荐的 1300mg/天的饮食摄入量）。饮茶（OR=0.895%CI：0.7-1.0；=0.02）和食用鱼和鸡蛋（OR=0.995%CI：0.8-1.0；=0.01）与较低的骨质疏松症风险显著相关。此外，饼干、蛋糕和面包片的消费与更高的骨质疏松症发生率显著相关（OR=1.395%CI：1.0-1.5；=0.02）。总之，已经处于骨质疏松症风险中的沙特成年人的饮食 Ca 摄入量极低。包括高钙、维生素 D 和欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的均衡饮食，同时限制摄入高饱和脂肪和高血糖指数的食物，可能有助于降低沙特成年人的骨质疏松症风险。
