Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 29;15(13):2955. doi: 10.3390/nu15132955.
There is limited evidence regarding the factors correlated with dietary diversity (DD) and dietary pattern (DP) in rural residents of China. This study aims to identify the DD and DP of rural residents and their association with socio-demographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pingnan, China. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied to evaluate dietary intake. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of six food varieties, including vegetables-fruits, red meat, aquatic products, eggs, milk, and beans-nuts. Generalized linear models and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with the DD and DP. Three DPs were detected by LCA, namely "healthy" DP (47.94%), "traditional" DP (33.94%), and "meat/animal protein" DP (18.11%). Females exhibited lower DD (β = -0.23, = 0.003) and were more likely to adhere to "traditional" DP (OR = 1.46, = 0.039) and "meat/animal protein" DP (OR = 2.02, < 0.001). Higher educational levels and annual household income (AHI) were positively associated with higher DD ( < 0.05) and less likely to have "traditional" DP and "meat/animal protein" DP ( < 0.05). Non-obese people exhibited higher DD (β = 0.15, = 0.020) and were less likely to have "meat/animal protein" DP (OR = 0.59, = 0.001). Our study reveals that females, those with lower educational levels and AHI, and obese people are more likely to have a lower DD and are more likely to adhere to "traditional" DP and "meat/animal protein" DP. The local, regional, and even national performance of specific diet-related health promotion measures and interventions must target these vulnerable populations to improve a healthier DD and DP.
关于中国农村居民饮食多样性（DD）和饮食模式（DP）相关因素的证据有限。本研究旨在确定农村居民的 DD 和 DP，并研究其与社会人口因素的相关性。在中国平南进行了一项横断面调查。应用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入。采用潜在类别分析（LCA）识别六种食物类型的模式，包括蔬菜-水果、红肉、水产品、蛋类、奶类和豆类-坚果。采用广义线性模型和多因素逻辑回归模型确定与 DD 和 DP 相关的因素。LCA 检测到三种 DP，分别为“健康” DP（47.94%）、“传统” DP（33.94%）和“肉/动物蛋白” DP（18.11%）。女性的 DD 较低（β=-0.23， =0.003），更倾向于遵循“传统” DP（OR=1.46， =0.039）和“肉/动物蛋白” DP（OR=2.02， <0.001）。较高的教育水平和家庭年收入（AHI）与较高的 DD 呈正相关（ < 0.05），且不太可能出现“传统” DP 和“肉/动物蛋白” DP（ < 0.05）。非肥胖者的 DD 较高（β=0.15， =0.020），且不太可能出现“肉/动物蛋白” DP（OR=0.59， =0.001）。我们的研究表明，女性、教育水平和 AHI 较低以及肥胖者的 DD 较低，更倾向于遵循“传统” DP 和“肉/动物蛋白” DP。针对特定饮食相关健康促进措施和干预措施的地方、区域甚至国家表现，必须针对这些弱势群体，以改善更健康的 DD 和 DP。
