Mendez Ignacio, Fasano Maria Victoria, Guajardo Viviana, Zonis Luciana, Kovalskys Irina
Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro de Matemática de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata/Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 3;9:778390. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.778390. eCollection 2022.
To describe dietary patterns in the Argentinian population and their association with sociodemographic characteristics.
Cross-sectional analysis of Argentina's food consumption and sociodemographic data of 1,266 men and women between 15 and 65 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health carried out between March 2014 and December 2015. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis and median factor scores were calculated for gender, age, region, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, education, and physical activity categories.
Five dietary patterns were identified. Western, Local Western, and Rural were generally characterized by high consumptions of animal fats, sugar-sweetened beverages, meats or processed meats, pizza and empanadas, sweets, pastries, and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Traditional pattern was mainly characterized by consumption of oils, starchy vegetables, and red meat and Sweet Prudent by milk and yogurt, vegetables, fruit, artificially sweetened beverages, sweets, and cookies. Higher adherence to the Sweet Prudent pattern was observed in women, in people who meet physical activity guidelines and higher socioeconomic and educational levels. Higher adherence to traditional pattern was only observed for men. Higher adherence to the rest of the patterns was observed mostly by men, young, leaner, lower socioeconomic, and educational levels, not meeting physical activity guidelines, from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires or northern regions.
Food consumption in Argentina is expressed in a diversity of dietary patterns. Men, younger, and sedentary individuals, with lower socioeconomic and educational level, from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires and northern regions, seem to have higher adherence to least healthy dietary patterns.
描述阿根廷人群的饮食模式及其与社会人口学特征的关联。
对2014年3月至2015年12月期间开展的拉丁美洲营养与健康研究中1266名年龄在15至65岁之间的男性和女性的阿根廷食物消费及社会人口学数据进行横断面分析。通过因子分析确定饮食模式，并计算性别、年龄、地区、体重指数（BMI）、社会经济状况、教育程度和身体活动类别对应的中位数因子得分。
确定了五种饮食模式。西方饮食模式、本地西方饮食模式和乡村饮食模式的特点通常是动物脂肪、含糖饮料、肉类或加工肉类、披萨和肉馅饼、糖果、糕点的消费量高，而水果和蔬菜的消费量低。传统饮食模式的主要特点是食用油、淀粉类蔬菜和红肉的消费，而谨慎甜食饮食模式的特点是牛奶和酸奶、蔬菜、水果、人工甜味饮料、糖果和饼干的消费。在女性、符合身体活动指南的人群以及社会经济和教育水平较高的人群中，对谨慎甜食饮食模式的依从性更高。仅在男性中观察到对传统饮食模式的依从性更高。在来自布宜诺斯艾利斯大都市区或北部地区、社会经济和教育水平较低、未达到身体活动指南要求的男性、年轻人、体型较瘦者中，对其他饮食模式的依从性大多较高。
阿根廷的食物消费表现为多种饮食模式。来自布宜诺斯艾利斯大都市区和北部地区、社会经济和教育水平较低、久坐不动的年轻男性似乎对最不健康的饮食模式依从性更高。
