Yair Nadav, Yiapanis Christos, Ben-Amotz Ron, Milgram Joshua
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Laboratory of Biomechanics, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Cyvets Veterinary Centre, Paphos, Cyprus.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 28;10:1207164. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1207164. eCollection 2023.
The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) is one of numerous structures which determine the path of the tibia relative to the femur when passively flexing/extending the stifle of the dog. The effect of cutting the CCL on passive motion with the hind limb in different orientations, is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe passive movement of the tibia relative to the femur in dogs, with the hind limb in three different orientations, and with CCL intact and cut.
Ten cadaveric hind limbs were obtained from dogs weighing between 20 kg and 25 kg and prepared for testing in a custom-built joint testing machine. Each hind limb was tested in three different orientations with data collected, using an electromagnetic tracking system, during 2 cycles of flexion/extension with the CCL intact and cut. Each cycle was initiated with the stifle in full extension (0°) and data was collected at 0°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, and 55° of stifle flexion/extension.
Flexion of the stifle resulted in caudal translation and internal rotation of the tibia relative to the femur, with cranial translation and external rotation occurring during extension along the identical path. Cutting the cranial cruciate ligament did not result in significant differences in translation or rotation when the stifle was orientated to approximated the standing position of a dog.
Isometric points at the origin and insertion of the CCL can potentially be identified in CCL deficient stifles using a technique based on passive motion of an intact stifle.
颅交叉韧带（CCL）是众多结构之一，在被动屈伸犬的膝关节时，它决定胫骨相对于股骨的运动轨迹。切断CCL对处于不同方位的后肢被动运动的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是描述犬后肢处于三种不同方位且CCL完整和切断时胫骨相对于股骨的被动运动。
从体重20至25千克的犬获取10个尸体后肢，并准备在定制的关节测试机上进行测试。每个后肢在三种不同方位进行测试，在CCL完整和切断的情况下，使用电磁跟踪系统在屈伸2个周期内收集数据。每个周期从膝关节完全伸展（0°）开始，在膝关节屈伸的0°、20°、30°、40°、45°和55°时收集数据。
膝关节屈曲导致胫骨相对于股骨向后平移和内旋，伸展时沿相同路径发生向前平移和外旋。当膝关节处于接近犬站立位置的方位时，切断颅交叉韧带在平移或旋转方面未产生显著差异。
使用基于完整膝关节被动运动的技术，有可能在CCL缺陷的膝关节中识别CCL起点和止点处的等长点。
