Korvick D L, Pijanowski G J, Schaeffer D J
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
J Biomech. 1994 Jan;27(1):77-87. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(94)90034-5.
Joint motion was measured for the intact and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL)-deficient stifle in five large dogs using an instrumental spatial linkage and radiophotogrammetry. The linkage was directly attached to the bones using modified bone plates. Motion data were presented in terms of a clinical coordinate system. Stifle kinematics were highly reproducible for a given dog. For intact stifle kinematics, the swing phase included flexion-extension, internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction, while stance-phase kinematics included only flexion-extension. Loss of the CCL altered joint kinematics over the entire gait cycle. At the swing-stance transition, the CCL-deficient stifle demonstrated an abrupt cranial subluxation of the tibia which was sustained throughout stance. At the beginning of the swing phase the CCL-deficient joint returned to the cranial-caudal alignment seen in the intact joint. The dog's stifle was shown to be CCL-dependent during stance. The dog compensated for CCL loss by reducing the external limb load and by carrying the limb in greater flexion throughout the gait cycle, but was unable to prevent joint subluxation during stance. Stifle kinematics are greatly altered following CCL loss. It is the repetitive, mechanical, dynamic subluxation in a CCL-deficient joint which may be the cause of joint degeneration.
使用仪器化空间连杆和放射摄影测量法，对5只大型犬完整的和颅侧十字韧带（CCL）缺失的 stifle 关节运动进行了测量。连杆通过改良的骨板直接连接到骨骼上。运动数据以临床坐标系表示。对于给定的犬，stifle 关节运动学具有高度可重复性。对于完整的 stifle 关节运动学，摆动期包括屈伸、内外旋转和外展内收，而站立期运动学仅包括屈伸。CCL 的缺失在整个步态周期中改变了关节运动学。在摆动-站立过渡时，CCL 缺失的 stifle 关节表现出胫骨突然的颅侧半脱位，这种半脱位在整个站立期持续存在。在摆动期开始时，CCL 缺失的关节恢复到完整关节中所见的颅尾对齐状态。犬的 stifle 关节在站立期表现出对 CCL 的依赖性。犬通过在整个步态周期中减少外肢负荷并使肢体保持更大程度的屈曲来代偿 CCL 的缺失，但在站立期无法防止关节半脱位。CCL 缺失后，stifle 关节运动学发生了很大改变。CCL 缺失关节中反复出现的机械性动态半脱位可能是关节退变的原因。
