Social Medical Department, Dutch Social Security Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2023 Sep;43(5):1223-1254. doi: 10.1111/opo.13188. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess factors associated with work participation in people with visual impairments and to explore how these factors may have changed over time.
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase.com, EBSCO/APA PsycInfo, EBSCO/CINAHL and EBSCO/ERIC from database inception to 1 April 2022 was performed. We included studies with cross-sectional design, case-control, case-series or cohort design, involving visually impaired working-age adults with at least moderate visual impairment, and evaluated the association between visual impairment and work participation. Studies involving participants with deaf-blindness or multiple disabilities were excluded. We assessed study quality (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale [NOS]), examined between-study heterogeneity and performed subgroup analyses. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42021241076.
Of 13,585 records, 57 articles described 55 studies including 1,326,091 participants from mostly high-income countries. Sociodemographic factors associated with employment included higher education (odds ratio [OR] 3.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47 to 4.51, I 0%), being male (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.84, I 95%), having a partner (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.67, I 34%), white ethnicity (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.74, I 0%) and having financial assistance (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.55, I 85%). Disease-related factors included worse visual impairment (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.80, I 98%) or having additional disabilities (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.62, I 16%). Intervention-related factors included mobility aid utilisation (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.18, I 94%). A potential moderating effect of time period and geographical region was observed for some factors. Study quality (NOS) was rated moderate to high.
Several sociodemographic and disease related factors were associated with employment status. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of overall high heterogeneity. Future research should focus on the role of workplace factors, technological adjustments and vocational rehabilitation services on work participation.
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估与视力障碍者工作参与相关的因素，并探讨这些因素随时间的变化情况。
从数据库建立到 2022 年 4 月 1 日，我们对 PubMed、Embase.com、EBSCO/APA PsycInfo、EBSCO/CINAHL 和 EBSCO/ERIC 进行了全面检索。我们纳入了具有横断面设计、病例对照、病例系列或队列设计的研究，纳入了至少有中度视力障碍的工作年龄成年人，并评估了视力障碍与工作参与之间的关系。排除了涉及聋盲或多重残疾参与者的研究。我们评估了研究质量（纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表[NOS]），检查了研究间的异质性并进行了亚组分析。该研究方案已在 PROSPERO 中注册，CRD42021241076。
在 13585 条记录中，有 57 篇文章描述了 55 项研究，共有来自高收入国家的 1326091 名参与者。与就业相关的社会人口学因素包括较高的教育水平（比值比[OR]3.34，95%置信区间[CI]2.47 至 4.51，I 0%）、男性（OR 1.59，95%CI 1.37 至 1.84，I 95%）、有伴侣（OR 1.73，95%CI 1.12 至 2.67，I 34%）、白人种族（OR 1.36，95%CI 1.07 至 1.74，I 0%）和获得经济援助（OR 0.38，95%CI 0.26 至 0.55，I 85%）。疾病相关因素包括视力障碍更严重（OR 0.61，95%CI 0.46 至 0.80，I 98%）或有其他残疾（OR 0.55，95%CI 0.49 至 0.62，I 16%）。干预相关因素包括使用移动辅助工具（OR 0.35，95%CI 0.10 至 1.18，I 94%）。一些因素的时间和地理区域的潜在调节作用观察到。研究质量（NOS）被评为中等至高度。
一些社会人口学和疾病相关因素与就业状况相关。然而，由于总体高度异质性，结果应谨慎解释。未来的研究应重点关注工作场所因素、技术调整和职业康复服务对工作参与的作用。
