Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08907, Spain.
Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona 08005, Spain.
Dis Model Mech. 2023 Jul 1;16(7). doi: 10.1242/dmm.050049. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
As early as in the acute phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the research community voiced concerns about the long-term implications of infection. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), like many other viruses, can trigger chronic disorders that last months or even years. Long COVID, the chronic and persistent disorder lasting more than 12 weeks after the primary infection with SARS-CoV-2, involves a variable number of neurological manifestations, ranging from mild to severe and even fatal. In vitro and in vivo modeling suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection drives changes within neurons, glia and the brain vasculature. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the neuropathology of acute and long COVID, with particular emphasis on the knowledge derived from brain organoid models. We highlight the advantages and main limitations of brain organoids, leveraging their human-derived origin, their similarity in cellular and tissue architecture to human tissues, and their potential to decipher the pathophysiology of long COVID.
早在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的急性期，研究界就对感染的长期影响表示担忧。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）与许多其他病毒一样，可引发持续数月甚至数年的慢性疾病。长 COVID 是指初次感染 SARS-CoV-2 后持续 12 周以上的慢性和持续性疾病，涉及数量不等的神经系统表现，从轻到重，甚至致命。体外和体内模型表明，SARS-CoV-2 感染会导致神经元、神经胶质细胞和脑血管发生变化。在这篇综述中，我们总结了对急性和长 COVID 的神经病理学的现有认识，特别强调了从大脑类器官模型中获得的知识。我们强调了大脑类器官的优势和主要局限性，利用其源自人类的特性、与人类组织在细胞和组织结构上的相似性，以及它们在破译长 COVID 病理生理学方面的潜力。
