Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
Pharmacol Res. 2023 Aug;194:106855. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106855. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of preventable and nongenetic birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure that can result in a range of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and functioning deficits, as well as craniofacial dysmorphology and other congenital defects. During embryonic development, neural crest cells (NCCs) play a critical role in giving rise to many cell types in the developing embryos, including those in the peripheral nervous system and craniofacial structures. Ethanol exposure during this critical period can have detrimental effects on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival, leading to a broad range of structural and functional abnormalities observed in individuals with FASD. This review article provides an overview of the current knowledge on the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCC induction, migration, differentiation, and survival. The article also examines the molecular mechanisms involved in ethanol-induced NCC dysfunction, such as oxidative stress, altered gene expression, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, the review highlights potential therapeutic strategies for preventing or mitigating the detrimental effects of ethanol on NCCs and reducing the risk of FASD. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the impact of ethanol on NCCs and its role in FASD, shedding light on potential avenues for future research and intervention.
胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是一组可预防的非遗传性出生缺陷，由产前酒精暴露引起，可导致一系列认知、行为、情感和功能缺陷，以及颅面畸形和其他先天性缺陷。在胚胎发育过程中，神经嵴细胞（NCC）在产生发育中的胚胎中的许多细胞类型方面起着关键作用，包括外周神经系统和颅面结构中的细胞。在此关键时期暴露于乙醇会对 NCC 的诱导、迁移、分化和存活产生有害影响，导致在患有 FASD 的个体中观察到广泛的结构和功能异常。本文综述了乙醇对 NCC 诱导、迁移、分化和存活的有害影响的现有知识。文章还探讨了涉及乙醇诱导的 NCC 功能障碍的分子机制，如氧化应激、基因表达改变、细胞凋亡、表观遗传修饰和其他信号通路。此外，综述强调了预防或减轻乙醇对 NCC 的有害影响和降低 FASD 风险的潜在治疗策略。总的来说，本文全面概述了乙醇对 NCC 的影响及其在 FASD 中的作用，为未来的研究和干预提供了潜在途径。
