Bernard A, Lauwerys R
J Occup Med. 1986 Aug;28(8):558-62. doi: 10.1097/00043764-198608000-00006.
This paper describes the current practice of biological monitoring of populations exposed to occupational or environmental pollutants. The three types of monitoring are ambient monitoring, biological monitoring of exposure, and health surveillance (also called biological monitoring of effects). The trend in biological monitoring today is to develop tests that provide information on the amount of chemical bound to the critical sites of action (target dose). Ambient monitoring and biological monitoring assess the health risk by comparing the current exposure with the permissible exposure limits. They are essentially preventive activities. By contrast, health surveillance or biological monitoring of effects assesses the health status and aims at detecting the early adverse health effects. Health surveillance is part of the medical screening program for the early detection of health impairment due to industrial chemicals.
本文描述了对接触职业或环境污染物人群进行生物监测的当前做法。三种监测类型分别是环境监测、接触生物监测和健康监测（也称为效应生物监测）。如今生物监测的趋势是开发能够提供与关键作用部位（靶剂量）结合的化学物质数量信息的检测方法。环境监测和生物监测通过将当前接触水平与允许接触限值进行比较来评估健康风险。它们本质上是预防性活动。相比之下，健康监测或效应生物监测评估健康状况，旨在检测早期不良健康效应。健康监测是工业化学品所致健康损害早期检测医学筛查项目的一部分。
