Mobasher Aydin, Bayrami Abolfazl, Asadi-Sharif Ehsan, Rahim Pouran Shima
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran.
Department of Soil and Water Research Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO Rasht Iran.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Jul 17;13(7):e10310. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10310. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Today, the application of ecological indicators based on organisms has replaced traditional saprobic approaches for assessment of the quality of rivers impaired due to organic pollution and some other environmental disturbances. This study aimed to weigh the quality of the Ojarud River in Ardabil, Iran, applying biological and physiological indices of macro-invertebrates. A total of 12,524 samplings were fulfilled at four stations (S1, S2, S3, S4) from the headstream to downstream by a Surber sampler (30 × 30 cm) from June/2020 to April/2021. All year round, the highest frequent families were Chironomidae (2658), Simuliidae (1025) from Diptera and Caenidae (1855), and Baetidae (724) from Ephemeroptera. The diversity pattern was analyzed by PAST software, and Primer 7 (BIO-ENV analysis) was utilized to understand what factor has the most impact on the distribution of macro-invertebrates. The least similarity of S4 to other stations was recognized by Cluster analysis. As per the ANOSIM (analysis of similarities), a statistically significant difference in the macroinvertebrates' frequency was established between S3 and other stations ( = .0001, = .63). Moreover, the relationship between heavy metals and macro-invertebrate showed that the three families of Simuliidae, Gomphidae, and Caenidae had a positive correlation with the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment. As per the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera index, the water quality was placed in the "excellent" class, but the Biological Monitoring Working Party and Hilsenhoff Family Biotic Index indices scored the water quality "good" class at S1 and the "poor" class at S3. Based on the results of this study, the use of physicochemical and hydro-morphological indicators can support the biological indicators but cannot replace them. In addition, careful evaluation of biological indicators is required to develop conservation strategies.
如今，基于生物的生态指标应用已取代了传统的污水生物系统方法，用于评估因有机污染和其他一些环境干扰而受损的河流质量。本研究旨在通过大型无脊椎动物的生物学和生理学指标来衡量伊朗阿尔达比勒省奥贾鲁德河的水质。2020年6月至2021年4月期间，使用索伯采样器（30×30厘米）在从源头到下游的四个站点（S1、S2、S3、S4）共进行了12524次采样。全年出现频率最高的科是双翅目的摇蚊科（2658）、蚋科（1025），蜉蝣目的短脉石蛾科（1855）和扁蜉科（724）。使用PAST软件分析多样性模式，并利用Primer 7（BIO - ENV分析）来了解对大型无脊椎动物分布影响最大的因素。通过聚类分析发现S4与其他站点的相似度最低。根据相似性分析（ANOSIM），S3与其他站点之间大型无脊椎动物的出现频率存在统计学上的显著差异（R = 0.0001，B = 0.63）。此外，重金属与大型无脊椎动物之间的关系表明，蚋科、春蜓科和短脉石蛾科这三个科与沉积物中重金属浓度呈正相关。根据蜉蝣目、襀翅目和毛翅目指数，水质被评为“优良”等级，但生物监测工作组指数和希尔森霍夫家庭生物指数在S1站点将水质评为“良好”等级，在S3站点评为“较差”等级。基于本研究结果，理化和水文形态指标的使用可以辅助生物指标，但不能取代它们。此外，制定保护策略需要对生物指标进行仔细评估。
