Dou Qianming, Du Xue, Cong Yanfeng, Wang Le, Zhao Chen, Song Dan, Liu Hui, Huo Tangbin
Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Harbin China.
College of Fisheries Tianjin Agricultural University Tianjin China.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Feb 14;12(2):e8553. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8553. eCollection 2022 Feb.
The structural characteristics of the macroinvertebrate community can effectively reflect the health status of lake ecosystems and the quality of the lake ecological environment. It is therefore important to identify the limiting factors of macroinvertebrate community structure for the maintenance of lake ecosystem health. In this study, the community composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages and their relationships with environmental variables were investigated in 13 small lakes within Lianhuan Lake in northern China. A self-organizing map and -means clustering analysis grouped the macroinvertebrate communities into five groups, and the indicator species reflected the environmental characteristics of each group. Principal component analysis indicated that the classification of the macroinvertebrate communities was affected by environmental variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed that environmental variables (pH, total phosphorus, nitrate, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, permanganate index, and ammonium) had a significant effect on the classification of the macroinvertebrate communities. Redundancy analysis showed that mollusks were significantly negatively correlated with pH and chlorophyll , while annelids and aquatic insects were significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the species richness and Shannon's diversity of macroinvertebrates were significantly negatively correlated with total phosphorus, while the biomass of macroinvertebrates was significantly negatively correlated with pH. High alkalinity and lake eutrophication have a serious impact on the macroinvertebrate community. Human disturbances, such as industrial and agricultural runoff, negatively impact the ecological environment and affect macroinvertebrate community structure. Thus, macroinvertebrate community structure should be improved by enhancing the ecological environment and controlling environmental pollution at a watershed scale.
大型无脊椎动物群落的结构特征能够有效反映湖泊生态系统的健康状况以及湖泊生态环境质量。因此，识别大型无脊椎动物群落结构的限制因素对于维持湖泊生态系统健康至关重要。本研究对中国北方连环湖内的13个小型湖泊中的大型无脊椎动物组合的群落组成及其与环境变量的关系进行了调查。自组织映射和K均值聚类分析将大型无脊椎动物群落分为五组，指示物种反映了每组的环境特征。主成分分析表明，大型无脊椎动物群落的分类受环境变量影响。Kruskal-Wallis检验结果表明，环境变量（pH值、总磷、硝酸盐、水温、溶解氧、电导率、高锰酸盐指数和铵）对大型无脊椎动物群落的分类有显著影响。冗余分析表明，软体动物与pH值和叶绿素显著负相关，而环节动物和水生昆虫与叶绿素和溶解氧显著正相关。Spearman相关性分析表明，大型无脊椎动物的物种丰富度和香农多样性与总磷显著负相关，而大型无脊椎动物的生物量与pH值显著负相关。高碱度和湖泊富营养化对大型无脊椎动物群落有严重影响。工农业径流等人为干扰对生态环境产生负面影响并影响大型无脊椎动物群落结构。因此，应通过改善生态环境和在流域尺度上控制环境污染来改善大型无脊椎动物群落结构。
