Cubas-Basterrechea Gloria, Elío Iñaki, González Antón Carolina, Muñoz Cacho Pedro
Dietetic Section, Hospital Universitario "Marqués de Valdecilla", 39008 Santander, Spain.
Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Nov 28;16(23):4101. doi: 10.3390/nu16234101.
We sought to examine the correlation between the recommended consumption of at least two servings (400 g) of vegetables per day and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an elderly population.
This observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted with 264 non-institutionalized people aged 65 to 79 years old. We adhered to the recommended guidelines for vegetable intake from the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, which has been validated for elderly populations at high cardiovascular risk. Diagnoses of MetS were made based on the criteria set forth by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
Among 264 individuals, who had a mean age of 71.9 (SD: 4.2) and comprised 39% men, the prevalence of MetS was 40.2%. A total of 17% of the participants adhered to the recommended vegetable consumption. Consuming the recommended amount of vegetables was correlated with a 19% reduction in the prevalence of MetS, to 24.4% from 43.4% among those with low vegetable consumption ( < 0.05). A main finding was that inadequate vegetable consumption was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of MetS (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.06-4.63; = 0.035), considering potential influences by nutritional (consumption of fruit and nuts) and socio-demographic (sex, age, and level of education) covariates.
A beneficial inverse correlation was identified between the recommended vegetable intake and the prevalence of MetS. In contrast, inadequate vegetable consumption was revealed as an independent variable associated with the prevalence of MetS. Considering the very low adherence to the recommended vegetable intake we observed, encouraging increased vegetable consumption among older individuals, who have a high prevalence of MetS, is advisable.
我们试图研究老年人中每日至少食用两份（400克）蔬菜的建议摄入量与代谢综合征（MetS）患病率之间的相关性。
这项观察性、横断面和描述性研究针对264名年龄在65至79岁之间的非机构化人群进行。我们遵循MEDAS - 14问卷中关于蔬菜摄入量的推荐指南，该问卷已在心血管疾病高风险的老年人群中得到验证。根据国际糖尿病联盟（IDF）制定的标准对MetS进行诊断。
在264名平均年龄为71.9岁（标准差：4.2）且男性占39%的个体中，MetS的患病率为40.2%。共有17%的参与者遵循了建议的蔬菜摄入量。食用建议量的蔬菜与MetS患病率降低19%相关，从蔬菜摄入量低（<0.05）的人群中的43.4%降至24.4%。一个主要发现是，考虑到营养（水果和坚果的摄入量）和社会人口统计学（性别、年龄和教育程度）协变量的潜在影响，蔬菜摄入不足与MetS的较高患病率显著相关（比值比：2.21；95%置信区间：1.06 - 4.63；P = 0.035）。
在建议的蔬菜摄入量与MetS患病率之间发现了有益的负相关关系。相比之下，蔬菜摄入不足被发现是与MetS患病率相关的一个独立变量。鉴于我们观察到对建议蔬菜摄入量的遵循率非常低，建议鼓励MetS患病率较高的老年人增加蔬菜摄入量。
