Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Chromosome Res. 2023 Jul 19;31(3):18. doi: 10.1007/s10577-023-09727-7.
Micronuclei, small DNA-containing structures separate from the main nucleus, were used for decades as an indicator of genotoxic damage. Micronuclei containing whole chromosomes were considered a biomarker of aneuploidy and were believed to form, upon mitotic exit, from chromosomes that lagged behind in anaphase as all other chromosomes segregated to the poles of the mitotic spindle. However, the mechanism responsible for inducing anaphase lagging chromosomes remained unknown until just over twenty years ago. Here, I summarize what preceded and what followed this discovery, highlighting some of the open questions and opportunities for future investigation.
微核，即从主核中分离出来的小型 DNA 结构，数十年来一直被用作遗传毒性损伤的指标。含有整条染色体的微核被认为是非整倍体的生物标志物，据信在有丝分裂后期，当所有其他染色体分离到有丝分裂纺锤体的两极时，滞后于有丝分裂的染色体就会形成微核。然而，直到二十多年前，导致有丝分裂后期滞后染色体的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我总结了这一发现之前和之后的情况，强调了一些悬而未决的问题和未来调查的机会。
