Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Cell Biol. 2024 Apr 1;223(4). doi: 10.1083/jcb.202311140. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
Centrosomes are the primary microtubule organizer in eukaryotic cells. In addition to shaping the intracellular microtubule network and the mitotic spindle, centrosomes are responsible for positioning cilia and flagella. To fulfill these diverse functions, centrosomes must be properly located within cells, which requires that they undergo intracellular transport. Importantly, centrosome mispositioning has been linked to ciliopathies, cancer, and infertility. The mechanisms by which centrosomes migrate are diverse and context dependent. In many cells, centrosomes move via indirect motor transport, whereby centrosomal microtubules engage anchored motor proteins that exert forces on those microtubules, resulting in centrosome movement. However, in some cases, centrosomes move via direct motor transport, whereby the centrosome or centriole functions as cargo that directly binds molecular motors which then walk on stationary microtubules. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of centrosome motility and the consequences of centrosome mispositioning and identify key questions that remain to be addressed.
中心体是真核细胞中主要的微管组织中心。除了塑造细胞内的微管网络和有丝分裂纺锤体外，中心体还负责定位纤毛和鞭毛。为了履行这些不同的功能，中心体必须在细胞内正确定位，这就要求它们进行细胞内运输。重要的是，中心体定位错误与纤毛病、癌症和不育有关。中心体迁移的机制是多样的，并且依赖于上下文。在许多细胞中，中心体通过间接的马达运输移动，其中中心体微管与锚定的马达蛋白结合，马达蛋白对这些微管施加力，导致中心体移动。然而，在某些情况下，中心体通过直接的马达运输移动，其中中心体或中心粒作为货物直接结合分子马达，然后在固定的微管上行走。在这篇综述中，我们总结了中心体运动的机制以及中心体定位错误的后果，并确定了仍需要解决的关键问题。
