Yi Sha, Wang Lei, Zhang Xiong, Li Chen, Xu Yanan, Wang Kai, Sun Xianzhong, Ma Yanwei
Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
Nanotechnology. 2023 Aug 14;34(43). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ace8a0.
MXene materials have become a competitive candidate for electrochemical energy storage due to their unique two-dimensional layered structure, high density, metal-like conductivity, fast ion intercalation, tunable surface terminal groups, and good mechanical flexibilities, showing unique application advantages in the field of supercapacitors. With widely research of MXene in energy storage applications, plenty of studies in synthesis strategies of MXene, including etching, intercalation and exfoliation processes, and its charge storage mechanism in supercapacitors have been conducted. However, the restacking of two-dimensional MXene nanosheets severely affects their electrochemical performance. To prevent the stacking of MXene, MXene-based nanocomposite electrode materials have been developed with remarkable electrochemical performance by incorporating conventional active capacitive materials, including metal oxides/sulfides and conductive polymers, with MXene. This review summarizes the etching strategies of MXenes and selection of intercalants, also discusses the charge storage mechanism of MXenes in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. It mainly expounds the preparation strategies and applications of MXene-based nanocomposites in supercapacitors, including MXene/metal oxide, MXene/metal sulfide, MXene/conducting polymer, and MXene/carbon-based composites. Additionally, the advantages of combining MXene with other active materials in supercapacitor applications, which support its promising prospects, are discussed. Finally, the critical challenges faced by MXene-based nanocomposites in long-term research are mentioned.
由于具有独特的二维层状结构、高比表面积、类金属导电性、快速离子插层、可调节的表面端基以及良好的机械柔韧性，MXene材料已成为电化学储能领域具有竞争力的候选材料，在超级电容器领域展现出独特的应用优势。随着MXene在储能应用方面的广泛研究，人们对MXene的合成策略开展了大量研究，包括蚀刻、插层和剥离过程，并且对其在超级电容器中的电荷存储机制也进行了诸多研究。然而，二维MXene纳米片的重新堆叠严重影响其电化学性能。为防止MXene堆叠，人们通过将包括金属氧化物/硫化物和导电聚合物在内的传统活性电容材料与MXene结合，开发出了具有卓越电化学性能的MXene基纳米复合电极材料。本综述总结了MXene的蚀刻策略和插层剂的选择，还讨论了MXene在水性和非水性电解质中的电荷存储机制。主要阐述了MXene基纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的制备策略及应用，包括MXene/金属氧化物、MXene/金属硫化物、MXene/导电聚合物以及MXene/碳基复合材料。此外，还讨论了在超级电容器应用中将MXene与其他活性材料结合的优势，这也支撑了其广阔的前景。最后，提及了MXene基纳米复合材料在长期研究中面临的关键挑战。
