Coley William, Akhavi Amir-Ali, Pena Pedro, Shang Ruoxu, Ma Yi, Moseni Kevin, Ozkan Mihrimah, Ozkan Cengiz S
Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Jul 14;15(14):1089. doi: 10.3390/nano15141089.
MXenes, a family of two-dimensional carbide and nitride nanomaterials, have demonstrated significant promise across various technological domains, particularly in energy storage applications. This review critically examines scalable synthesis techniques for MXenes and their potential integration into next-generation rechargeable battery systems. We highlight both top-down and emerging bottom-up approaches, exploring their respective efficiencies, environmental impacts, and industrial feasibility. The paper further discusses the electrochemical behavior of MXenes in lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and aluminum-ion batteries, as well as their multifunctional roles in solid-state batteries-including as electrodes, additives, and solid electrolytes. Special emphasis is placed on surface functionalization, interlayer engineering, and ion transport properties. We also compare MXenes with conventional graphite anodes, analyzing their gravimetric and volumetric performance potential. Finally, challenges such as diffusion kinetics, power density limitations, and scalability are addressed, providing a comprehensive outlook on the future of MXenes in sustainable energy storage technologies.
MXenes是一类二维碳化物和氮化物纳米材料，已在各种技术领域展现出巨大潜力，尤其是在储能应用方面。本综述批判性地研究了MXenes的可扩展合成技术及其融入下一代可充电电池系统的潜力。我们重点介绍了自上而下和新兴的自下而上方法，探讨了它们各自的效率、环境影响和工业可行性。本文还讨论了MXenes在锂离子、钠离子和铝离子电池中的电化学行为，以及它们在固态电池中的多功能作用，包括作为电极、添加剂和固体电解质。特别强调了表面功能化、层间工程和离子传输特性。我们还将MXenes与传统石墨阳极进行了比较，分析了它们的重量和体积性能潜力。最后，讨论了扩散动力学、功率密度限制和可扩展性等挑战，全面展望了MXenes在可持续储能技术中的未来。
