Sen Saikat, Kalita Pratap, Chakraborty Raja
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India.
Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, 781026, India.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2023;23(24):2332-2341. doi: 10.2174/1568026623666230719113121.
Food grains' ability to promote health is widely recognized as a result of their rich nutritional profile and presence of antioxidants.
The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antidyslipidemic, and cardiac risk preventive effects of unpolished whole rice extracts of Keteki and Kola Joha of Assam, India, and to profile the polyphenolic compounds present.
Whole unpolished rice samples were extracted with ethanol and the efficacy of the extract of both rice cultivars was evaluated against high-fat and high-sugar induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The effects of extracts on lipid profile, hepatic enzyme, endogenous antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, creatine kinase-NAC, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and lipoprotein(s) were evaluated. Atherogenic indices were calculated to find the effect of the extract on cardiac risk. HPLC analysis of whole unpolished rice samples was also carried out to profile the polyphenolics present.
HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, sinapic acid, o-coumaric acid, t-coumaric acid, rosamarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, phytic acid in both rice samples. Protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid were detected in keteki joha, and ferulic acid was detected in kola joha only. Ethanol extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) of both rice varieties for 30 days significantly averted dyslipidemia, preserved the level of endogenous antioxidants, and prevented lipid peroxidation. Levels of creatine kinase-NAC, lactate dehydrogenase, Creactive protein, and lipoprotein (a) were significantly ( < 0.01) less in the extract-treated group compared to the disease-control group. Extract treatment enhanced ApoA1 level while the reduced level of ApoB. ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was found more in the disease control group, which was significantly reduced in the extract-treated group. The atherogenic index, atherogenic coefficient, and cardiac risk ratio were reduced, while the cardioprotective index was enhanced in treatment groups.
This paper profiled polyphenolic compounds for the first time. Keteki joha exhibited better results than Kola joha. Observations offer novel insights into the hypothesis for the first time that unpolished Keteki and Kola Joha rice can be beneficial in averting hyperlipidemia and its associated coronary events.
由于谷物丰富的营养成分和抗氧化剂的存在，其促进健康的能力已得到广泛认可。
本研究旨在探讨印度阿萨姆邦的Keteki和Kola Joha糙米提取物的抗氧化、抗血脂异常及预防心脏风险的作用，并分析其中存在的多酚类化合物。
用乙醇提取糙米样品，评估两种水稻品种提取物对高脂高糖诱导的大鼠高脂血症的疗效。评估提取物对血脂谱、肝酶、内源性抗氧化剂、脂质过氧化、肌酸激酶-NAC、乳酸脱氢酶、C反应蛋白和脂蛋白的影响。计算致动脉粥样硬化指数以确定提取物对心脏风险的影响。还对糙米样品进行了HPLC分析以分析其中存在的多酚类物质。
HPLC分析显示两种水稻样品中均存在没食子酸、香草酸、咖啡酸、芥子酸、邻香豆酸、对香豆酸、迷迭香酸、绿原酸、植酸。在Keteki joha中检测到原儿茶酸、丁香酸和对香豆酸，仅在Kola joha中检测到阿魏酸。两种水稻品种的乙醇提取物（200和400mg/kg）连续30天显著避免了血脂异常，维持了内源性抗氧化剂水平，并防止了脂质过氧化。与疾病对照组相比，提取物处理组的肌酸激酶-NAC、乳酸脱氢酶、C反应蛋白和脂蛋白(a)水平显著降低（<0.01）。提取物处理提高了ApoA1水平，同时降低了ApoB水平。疾病对照组的ApoB/ApoA1比值更高，而提取物处理组显著降低。治疗组的致动脉粥样硬化指数、致动脉粥样硬化系数和心脏风险比降低，而心脏保护指数提高。
本文首次分析了多酚类化合物。Keteki joha的效果优于Kola joha。这些观察结果首次为糙米Keteki和Kola Joha有助于避免高脂血症及其相关冠状动脉事件的假说提供了新的见解。
