Manik Marisa Junianti, Natalia Siska
Faculty of Nursing, University of Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Indonesia.
Belitung Nurs J. 2021 Apr 29;7(2):98-106. doi: 10.33546/bnj.1322. eCollection 2021.
The condition of the Indonesians' unpreparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic has caused anxiety and fear. The public's fears of COVID-19 cases have led to a negative stigma. As part of health workers in disaster management's main pillars in health services, nurses are most vulnerable to infection and not free from the stigma.
This study aimed to describe the social stigma against nurses taking care of patients with COVID-19 and experiencing suspected or probable or confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia.
This study was a mixed-method study using a sequential explanatory design-participant selection model. The selection of respondents used the convenience sampling technique. The number of respondents in the quantitative stage was 118 respondents. For qualitative data, selected participants were respondents with a stigma score of more than 21 nurses and willing to continue the interview process. There were 11 participants in the qualitative stage. This study used the modified Stigma Scale of the Explanatory Model Interview Catalog for quantitative data and four semi-structured questions to obtain qualitative data. Quantitative data were processed in descriptive statistics, and a thematic analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data.
The highest stigma score of 118 respondents was 37, and the lowest score was zero. The stigma score had a mean of 12.28 ( ± 7.9). The higher the score obtained leads to a higher level of stigma received. From a total of 11 participants interviewed, four main themes emerged: rejection, feeling down and afraid, sources of support, and professional vigilance.
The social stigma experienced by nurses comes from colleagues and society and impacts psychological distress. Support from families and colleagues strengthens nurses in facing social stigma. Nevertheless, nurses uphold the values to remain grateful and carry out professional responsibilities in taking care of patients. Nurses should be provided with psychological support and be prepared for disasters to provide excellent health services and reduce adverse mental health.
印度尼西亚民众对新冠疫情大流行毫无准备的状况引发了焦虑和恐惧。公众对新冠病例的恐惧导致了负面污名化。作为卫生服务中灾害管理主要支柱的医护人员，护士最容易受到感染，且也未能免受污名化影响。
本研究旨在描述印度尼西亚针对照顾新冠患者以及自身经历疑似或可能或确诊新冠病例的护士的社会污名情况。
本研究为采用序列解释性设计-参与者选择模型的混合方法研究。受访者的选择采用便利抽样技术。定量阶段的受访者有118人。对于定性数据，选定的参与者是污名得分超过21分的护士受访者，且愿意继续参与访谈过程。定性阶段有11名参与者。本研究使用解释性模型访谈目录的改良污名量表获取定量数据，并通过四个半结构化问题获取定性数据。定量数据采用描述性统计进行处理，定性数据则进行主题分析。
118名受访者的最高污名得分为37分，最低分为0分。污名得分的平均值为12.28（±7.9）。得分越高，所受到的污名化程度越高。在总共11名接受访谈的参与者中，出现了四个主要主题：排斥、情绪低落与恐惧、支持来源以及职业警惕性。
护士所经历的社会污名来自同事和社会，且会影响心理困扰。家人和同事的支持增强了护士面对社会污名的能力。尽管如此，护士仍秉持感恩之心，履行照顾患者的职业责任。应向护士提供心理支持，并让他们为灾害做好准备，以提供优质的卫生服务并减少不良心理健康问题。
