Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada
Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
J Neurosci. 2023 Aug 9;43(32):5831-5847. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0009-23.2023. Epub 2023 Jul 20.
In daily life, prehension is typically not the end goal of hand-object interactions but a precursor for manipulation. Nevertheless, functional MRI (fMRI) studies investigating manual manipulation have primarily relied on prehension as the end goal of an action. Here, we used slow event-related fMRI to investigate differences in neural activation patterns between prehension in isolation and prehension for object manipulation. Sixteen (seven males and nine females) participants were instructed either to simply grasp the handle of a rotatable dial (isolated prehension) or to grasp and turn it (prehension for object manipulation). We used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to investigate whether the experimental conditions could be discriminated from each other based on differences in task-related brain activation patterns. We also used temporal multivoxel pattern analysis (tMVPA) to examine the evolution of regional activation patterns over time. Importantly, we were able to differentiate isolated prehension and prehension for manipulation from activation patterns in the early visual cortex, the caudal intraparietal sulcus (cIPS), and the superior parietal lobule (SPL). Our findings indicate that object manipulation extends beyond the putative cortical grasping network (anterior intraparietal sulcus, premotor and motor cortices) to include the superior parietal lobule and early visual cortex. A simple act such as turning an oven dial requires not only that the CNS encode the initial state (starting dial orientation) of the object but also the appropriate posture to grasp it to achieve the desired end state (final dial orientation) and the motor commands to achieve that state. Using advanced temporal neuroimaging analysis techniques, we reveal how such actions unfold over time and how they differ between object manipulation (turning a dial) versus grasping alone. We find that a combination of brain areas implicated in visual processing and sensorimotor integration can distinguish between the complex and simple tasks during planning, with neural patterns that approximate those during the actual execution of the action.
在日常生活中，抓握通常不是手-物相互作用的最终目标，而是操作的前奏。然而，研究手动操作的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究主要依赖于抓握作为动作的最终目标。在这里，我们使用缓慢的事件相关 fMRI 来研究孤立抓握和抓握物体操作之间的神经激活模式差异。16 名（7 名男性和 9 名女性）参与者被指示要么简单地抓住可旋转拨号器的手柄（孤立抓握），要么抓住并转动它（用于物体操作的抓握）。我们使用表示相似性分析（RSA）来研究是否可以根据任务相关脑激活模式的差异来区分实验条件。我们还使用时间多体素模式分析（tMVPA）来检查区域激活模式随时间的演变。重要的是，我们能够将孤立抓握和用于操作的抓握与来自早期视觉皮层、尾侧顶内沟（cIPS）和顶上小叶（SPL）的激活模式区分开来。我们的发现表明，物体操作不仅扩展了所谓的皮质抓握网络（前顶内沟、运动前皮质和运动皮质），还包括顶上小叶和早期视觉皮层。转动烤箱拨号器这样简单的动作不仅需要中枢神经系统对物体的初始状态（起始拨号方向）进行编码，还需要适当的姿势来抓住它以达到期望的最终状态（最终拨号方向）和实现该状态的运动命令。使用先进的时间神经影像学分析技术，我们揭示了此类动作如何随时间展开，以及它们在物体操作（转动拨号器）与单独抓握之间的区别。我们发现，涉及视觉处理和感觉运动整合的大脑区域的组合可以在规划过程中区分复杂和简单任务，并且神经模式与实际执行动作时的神经模式近似。
