Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea.
Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Apr 12;82(5):676-694. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad084.
A decline in function and loss of mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, is observed in the skeletal muscles with aging. Sarcopenia has a negative effect on the quality of life of elderly. Individuals with sarcopenia are at particular risk for adverse outcomes, such as reduced mobility, fall-related injuries, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted, mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a major contributor for muscle aging. Hence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function during aging is imperative for sarcopenia treatment. However, effective and specific drugs that can be used for the treatment are not yet approved. Instead studies on the relationship between food intake and muscle aging have suggested that nutritional intake or dietary control could be an alternative approach for the amelioration of muscle aging. This narrative review approaches various nutritional components and diets as a treatment for sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and improving mitochondria. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and the molecular mechanisms that help improve mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed, and the nutritional components and diet that modulate these molecular mechanisms are addressed.
随着年龄的增长，骨骼肌会出现功能下降和质量丧失的现象，这种情况被称为肌肉减少症。肌肉减少症会降低老年人的生活质量。患有肌肉减少症的个体特别容易出现不良后果，如活动能力下降、与跌倒相关的伤害和 2 型糖尿病。虽然肌肉减少症的发病机制是多方面的，但线粒体功能障碍被认为是肌肉衰老的主要原因。因此，开发预防和治疗策略以改善衰老过程中的线粒体功能对于肌肉减少症的治疗至关重要。然而，尚未批准可用于治疗的有效和特定药物。相反，关于饮食摄入与肌肉衰老之间关系的研究表明，营养摄入或饮食控制可能是改善肌肉衰老的一种替代方法。本综述通过调节线粒体稳态和改善线粒体来探讨各种营养成分和饮食作为肌肉减少症治疗方法的作用。讨论了与年龄相关的线粒体功能变化以及有助于改善线粒体稳态的分子机制，并探讨了调节这些分子机制的营养成分和饮食。
