Sáez-Blázquez Rocío, de Bernardis Daniele, Feist Johannes, Rabl Peter
Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
INO-CNR BEC Center and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Italy.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jul 7;131(1):013602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.013602.
We address the fundamental question of whether or not it is possible to achieve conditions under which the coupling of a single dipole to a strongly confined electromagnetic vacuum can result in nonperturbative corrections to the dipole's ground state. To do so we consider two simplified, but otherwise rather generic cavity QED setups, which allow us to derive analytic expressions for the total ground-state energy and to distinguish explicitly between purely electrostatic and genuine vacuum-induced contributions. Importantly, this derivation takes the full electromagnetic spectrum into account while avoiding any ambiguities arising from an ad hoc mode truncation. Our findings show that while the effect of confinement per se is not enough to result in substantial vacuum-induced corrections, the presence of high-impedance modes, such as plasmons or engineered LC resonances, can drastically increase these effects. Therefore, we conclude that with appropriately designed experiments it is at least in principle possible to access a regime where light-matter interactions become nonperturbative.
是否有可能实现这样的条件，即单个偶极子与强受限电磁真空的耦合能够导致对偶极子基态的非微扰修正。为此，我们考虑两种简化但在其他方面相当通用的腔量子电动力学设置，这使我们能够推导出总基态能量的解析表达式，并明确区分纯静电贡献和真正的真空诱导贡献。重要的是，这种推导考虑了完整的电磁频谱，同时避免了因特设模式截断而产生的任何模糊性。我们的研究结果表明，虽然限制本身的作用不足以导致显著的真空诱导修正，但高阻抗模式（如等离子体激元或工程化的LC共振）的存在可以大幅增加这些效应。因此，我们得出结论，通过适当设计的实验，至少在原则上有可能进入光与物质相互作用变为非微扰的 regime。
