Wemakor Anthony, Kwaako Matilda, Abdul-Rahman Adinan
Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL 1883, Tamale, Tamale, Ghana.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Jul 21;9(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00749-2.
Anaemia is a serious health problem among adolescent girls in Ghana. The aims of this study were to measure the prevalence and identify the nutritional, health, and socio-demographic determinants of anaemia in adolescent girls in Kumbungu District, Northern Region, Ghana.
An analytical cross-sectional study involving 370 adolescent girls residing in Kumbungu district, selected using multi-stage sampling procedure, was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire, 24-hr dietary recall, food frequency questionnaire, Food Insecurity Experience scale, and anthropometry were used to gather information on socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary diversity score, food consumption score, food consumption frequency, household food insecurity, and waist and hip circumferences. Haemoglobin was measured using a portable HemoCue hg 301 + Analyzer. Anaemia in the adolescent girls was defined as haemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify the determinants of anaemia.
The mean (± SD) age was 13.95 (± 2.94) years, and the majority of the girls were in school (79.5%) and lived in a rural area (81.1%). The mean (± SD) haemoglobin was 11.27 (± 1.19) g/dl, and 74.6% of the respondents had anaemia, with 1.6% having severe anaemia. The health determinant of anaemia was frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.12: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.17-3.89; p: 0.014], and the socio-demographic determinants were residential community status (AOR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.24-0.75; p: 0.003), and fathers' educational qualification (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.17-5.65, p: 0.019). No nutritional determinants of anaemia were identified for this study population.
The prevalence of anaemia was very high and the frequency of feeling nervous in the past 6 months, residential community status, and fathers' educational qualification were associated with anaemia among adolescent girls in Kumbungu district, Ghana. The prevalence of anaemia measured highlights the need for intensification of anaemia prevention and management interventions in the district.
贫血是加纳青春期女孩面临的一个严重健康问题。本研究的目的是测量加纳北部地区昆布古区青春期女孩贫血的患病率，并确定其营养、健康和社会人口学决定因素。
采用多阶段抽样程序，对昆布古区370名青春期女孩进行了一项分析性横断面研究。使用半结构化问卷、24小时饮食回顾、食物频率问卷、粮食不安全经历量表和人体测量法收集社会人口学特征、营养知识、饮食多样性得分、食物消费得分、食物消费频率、家庭粮食不安全以及腰围和臀围等信息。使用便携式HemoCue hg 301 +分析仪测量血红蛋白。青春期女孩的贫血定义为血红蛋白浓度低于12 g/dl。采用卡方检验和二元逻辑回归分析来确定贫血的决定因素。
平均（±标准差）年龄为13.95（±2.94）岁，大多数女孩在上学（79.5%），居住在农村地区（81.1%）。平均（±标准差）血红蛋白为11.27（±1.19）g/dl，74.6%的受访者患有贫血，其中1.6%患有严重贫血。贫血的健康决定因素是过去6个月感到紧张的频率[调整后的优势比（AOR）：2.12；95%置信区间（CI）：1.17 - 3.89；p：0.014]，社会人口学决定因素是居住社区状况（AOR：0.42；95% CI：0.24 - 0.75；p：0.003）和父亲的教育程度（AOR：2.57，95% CI：1.17 - 5.65，p：0.019）。本研究人群未发现贫血的营养决定因素。
贫血患病率非常高，过去6个月感到紧张的频率、居住社区状况和父亲的教育程度与加纳昆布古区青春期女孩的贫血有关。所测量的贫血患病率凸显了该地区加强贫血预防和管理干预措施的必要性。
