Cénat Jude Mary, Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian, Dalexis Rose Darly
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Interdisciplinary Centre for Black Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Research Chair on Black Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Psychiatry Res. 2023 Aug;326:115341. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115341. Epub 2023 Jul 13.
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected Black communities in Canada in terms of infection, hospitalizations, and mortality rates. It exacerbated social, economic, and health disparities that can impact their mental health. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in Black individuals in Canada. A community-representative weighted sample of 2002 Black individuals (51.66% women) aged 14 to 94 years old (Mean age 29.34; SD = 10.13). Overall, 40.94%, 44.50%, and 31.36% of participants were classified as having clinically meaningful anxiety, depression, and stress levels, respectively, based on DASS scores. Men (45.92%) reported a higher prevalence of anxiety than women (36.27%), χ (1) = 19.24, p<.001, but similar symptoms of depression and stress. The progression of the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms were consistent with the progression of the prevalence of everyday racial discrimination. After controlling for socio-demographic variables, regression models showed that everyday discrimination (B = 0.14, p=.001, B = 0.14, p= .006, B = 0.18, p< .001), major experiences of racial discrimination (B = 0.30, p=.046, B = 0.34, p= .033, B = 0.35, p=.024), and COVID-19 traumatic stressors (B = 0.43, p<.001, B = 0.43, p< .001, B = 0.44, p< .001) were positively associated with anxiety, while community resilience (B= -0.02, p= .039, B= -0.04, p= .001, B= -0.03, p= .014) was negatively associated with anxiety, depression, and stress, respectively. This study demonstrates the need to address racial discrimination in implementing prevention and intervention programs among Black individuals and to consider intersectional factors related to age, birthplace, language spoken, and province of residence.
在感染、住院和死亡率方面，新冠疫情对加拿大黑人社区造成了尤为严重的影响。这加剧了可能影响其心理健康的社会、经济和健康差距。我们调查了加拿大黑人中抑郁、焦虑和压力症状的患病率及预测因素。对2002名14至94岁（平均年龄29.34岁；标准差=10.13）的黑人进行了具有社区代表性的加权抽样（51.66%为女性）。总体而言，根据抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS）得分，分别有40.94%、44.50%和31.36%的参与者被归类为具有临床意义的焦虑、抑郁和压力水平。男性（45.92%）报告的焦虑患病率高于女性（36.27%），χ（1）=19.24，p<0.001，但抑郁和压力症状相似。焦虑、抑郁和压力症状患病率的变化与日常种族歧视患病率的变化一致。在控制了社会人口统计学变量后，回归模型显示，日常歧视（B = 0.14，p = 0.001；B = 0.14，p = 0.006；B = 0.18，p < 0.001）、种族歧视的主要经历（B = 0.30，p = 0.046；B = 0.34，p = 0.033；B = 0.35，p = 0.024）以及新冠创伤应激源（B = 0.43，p < 0.001；B = 0.43，p < 0.001；B = 0.44，p < 0.001）与焦虑呈正相关，而社区复原力（B = -0.02，p = 0.039；B = -0.04，p = 0.001；B = -0.03，p = 0.014）分别与焦虑、抑郁和压力呈负相关。本研究表明，在针对黑人实施预防和干预项目时，有必要解决种族歧视问题，并考虑与年龄、出生地、所讲语言和居住省份相关的交叉因素。
