Mallah Shahbaz Ali, Shaikh Huma, Memon Najma, Qazi Sehrish
National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro 76080 Pakistan
RSC Adv. 2023 Jul 20;13(32):21926-21944. doi: 10.1039/d3ra02602g. eCollection 2023 Jul 19.
This research work is based on the fabrication of a graphene oxide-based composite (GOBC) to remove the maximum number of contaminants from different industrial effluents. The GO was first intercalated with 1-octanesulphonic acid sodium salt and subjected to microwave irradiation to produce GOBC. Fixed-bed column tests and Jar-tests were performed for removal of the most harmful endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenol A, bisphenol S, endosulphan, beta-estradiol, dyes (methylene blue and violate) and toxic metal ions such as Pb, Li, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, and As adsorption. The prepared material was thoroughly characterized for its unique functional and structural properties. The results obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, water contact angle and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful preparation of GOBC using the proposed intercalation/microwave method. The water contact angle results showed decreased hydrophilicity of GOBC as compared to GO as the contact angle of GOBC (77.75°) was higher than that of GO (53.98°). The effects of main column parameters such as bed height, initial analyte concentration and solution flow rate were investigated. The results revealed that shorter breakthrough time, and high adsorption capacity were obtained at high flow rates of 1 mL min, while longer breakthrough time and lower adsorption capacity were obtained at lower flow rates of 0.5 mL min. The effect of bed depth on the breakthrough curve of analyte adsorption was a steep breakthrough curve; or a shorter breakthrough time occurring at lower bed height. The adsorption data obeyed the Yoon-Nelson and Thomas models very well. The adsorption capacity for BPA, BPS, endosulphan, beta-estradiol, methylene blue and violate was found to be 307, 305, 260, 290, 230 and 195 mg g, respectively. The adsorption capacity of GOBC for toxic metal ions such as Pb, Li, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, and As was found to be 156, 136, 126, 124, 118, 114, 82, 82, 72 and 72 mg g, respectively with excellent kinetics. The adsorption data obtained using Jar-tests revealed that GOBC obeys a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo second order kinetics model. The analysis of industrial wastewater samples showed good removal efficiency of GOBC.
本研究工作基于制备一种氧化石墨烯基复合材料（GOBC），以从不同工业废水中去除最多数量的污染物。首先将氧化石墨烯与1-辛烷磺酸钠盐进行插层，然后进行微波辐照以制备GOBC。进行了固定床柱试验和烧杯试验，以去除最有害的内分泌干扰化合物（EDC），如双酚A、双酚S、硫丹、β-雌二醇、染料（亚甲基蓝和品红）以及有毒金属离子，如铅、锂、镍、钴、铬、锌、镉、汞、铜和砷的吸附。对制备的材料进行了全面表征，以确定其独特的功能和结构特性。从傅里叶变换红外光谱、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒法、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、水接触角和X射线衍射分析获得的结果证实了使用所提出的插层/微波方法成功制备了GOBC。水接触角结果表明，与氧化石墨烯相比，GOBC的亲水性降低，因为GOBC的接触角（77.75°）高于氧化石墨烯的接触角（53.98°）。研究了主要柱参数如床层高度、初始分析物浓度和溶液流速的影响。结果表明，在1 mL/min的高流速下获得较短的穿透时间和高吸附容量，而在0.5 mL/min的较低流速下获得较长的穿透时间和较低的吸附容量。床层深度对分析物吸附穿透曲线的影响是一条陡峭的穿透曲线；或者在较低床层高度出现较短的穿透时间。吸附数据很好地符合Yoon-Nelson和Thomas模型。发现对双酚A、双酚S、硫丹、β-雌二醇、亚甲基蓝和品红的吸附容量分别为307、305、260、290、230和195 mg/g。GOBC对有毒金属离子如铅、锂、镍、钴、铬、锌、镉、汞、铜和砷的吸附容量分别为156、136、126、124、118、114、82、82、72和72 mg/g，具有优异的动力学。使用烧杯试验获得的吸附数据表明，GOBC符合朗缪尔等温线和伪二级动力学模型。对工业废水样品的分析表明，GOBC具有良好的去除效率。
