Wysokowski Marcin, Machałowski Tomasz, Idaszek Joanna, Chlanda Adrian, Jaroszewicz Jakub, Heljak Marcin, Niemczak Michał, Piasecki Adam, Gajewska Marta, Ehrlich Hermann, Święszkowski Wojciech, Jesionowski Teofil
Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 02-507 Poland.
RSC Adv. 2023 Jul 20;13(32):21971-21981. doi: 10.1039/d3ra02356g. eCollection 2023 Jul 19.
Tissue engineering is a burgeoning field focused on repairing damaged tissues through the combination of bodily cells with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which serve as templates for tissue regeneration, thus facilitating the growth of new tissue. Carbon materials, constituting an emerging class of superior materials, are currently experiencing remarkable scientific and technological advancements. Consequently, the development of novel 3D carbon-based composite materials has become significant for biomedicine. There is an urgent need for the development of hybrids that will combine the unique bioactivity of ceramics with the performance of carbonaceous materials. Considering these requirements, herein, we propose a straightforward method of producing a 3D carbon-based scaffold that resembles the structural features of spongin, even on the nanometric level of their hierarchical organization. The modification of spongin with calcium phosphate was achieved in a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride : urea, 1 : 2). The holistic characterization of the scaffolds confirms their remarkable structural features (, porosity, connectivity), along with the biocompatibility of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), rendering them a promising candidate for stem cell-based tissue-engineering. Culturing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on the surface of the biomimetic scaffold further verifies its growth-facilitating properties, promoting the differentiation of these cells in the osteogenesis direction. ALP activity was significantly higher in osteogenic medium compared to proliferation, indicating the differentiation of hMSC towards osteoblasts. However, no significant difference between C and C-αTCP in the same medium type was observed.
组织工程是一个新兴领域，专注于通过将体细胞与高度多孔的支架生物材料相结合来修复受损组织，这些生物材料作为组织再生的模板，从而促进新组织的生长。碳材料作为一类新兴的优质材料，目前正经历着显著的科技进步。因此，新型三维碳基复合材料的开发对生物医学具有重要意义。迫切需要开发将陶瓷独特的生物活性与碳质材料性能相结合的复合材料。考虑到这些需求，在此我们提出一种简单的方法来制备一种三维碳基支架，该支架即使在其分级组织的纳米水平上也类似于海绵素的结构特征。在深共熔溶剂（氯化胆碱∶尿素，1∶2）中实现了用磷酸钙对海绵素的改性。支架的整体表征证实了其显著的结构特征（孔隙率、连通性），以及α-磷酸三钙（α-TCP）的生物相容性，使其成为基于干细胞的组织工程的有前途的候选材料。在仿生支架表面培养人骨髓间充质干细胞（hMSC）进一步验证了其促进生长的特性，促进这些细胞向成骨方向分化。与增殖培养基相比，在成骨培养基中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著更高，表明hMSC向成骨细胞分化。然而，在相同培养基类型下，C组和C-αTCP组之间未观察到显著差异。
