Setu Tigabie, Legese Terhas, Teklie Geteneh, Gebeyhu Birara
Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Department, KIoT, Wollo University, Ethiopia.
Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering Faculty, AWTI, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 4;9(7):e17833. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17833. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Improved irrigation water management is the main strategy to improve water use efficiency in areas with limited water resources. Optimizing scarce water by selecting suitable furrow irrigation systems in arid and semi-arid parts of Ethiopia is rarely practiced. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of conventional, alternate, and fixed furrow irrigation systems with three levels of irrigation (100%ETc, 75%ETc, and 50%ETc) on maize agronomy and water use efficiency in Arba Minch, Southern, Ethiopia. The experimental study had nine treatments under a randomized complete block design with three replications. Furrow irrigation system and deficit irrigation levels had a significant impact (P < 0.01) on maize agronomy, grain yield, and water use efficiency. The maximum grain yield of 7.99 ton ha obtained under a conventional furrow irrigation system at 100%ETc was significantly higher than the other treatments and the minimum grain yield of 4.24 ton ha obtained under a fixed furrow irrigation system at 50%ETc was significantly inferior as compared to other treatments. The maximum values of crop, field, and expense water use efficiencies were 2.49, 2.80, and 1.72 kg m under conventional furrow irrigation at 50%ETc, respectively. The minimum values of crop, field, and expense water use efficiencies were 1.47, 1.28, and 1.05 kg m under a fixed furrow irrigation system at 100%ETc, respectively. A conventional furrow irrigation system at 50%ETc can increase 0.64 ha net additional irrigable land pre each hectare compared to the conventional furrow irrigation system at 100%ETc. Water saving up to 50%ETc in conventional furrow irrigation can solve the water shortage problem by improving water use efficiency with insignificant yield reduction.
改善灌溉水管理是提高水资源有限地区用水效率的主要策略。在埃塞俄比亚干旱和半干旱地区，通过选择合适的沟灌系统来优化稀缺水资源的做法很少见。在埃塞俄比亚南部的阿尔巴明奇进行了一项田间试验，以评估常规、交替和固定沟灌系统以及三种灌溉水平（100%ETc、75%ETc和50%ETc）对玉米农艺性状和用水效率的影响。该试验研究采用随机完全区组设计，有九个处理，重复三次。沟灌系统和亏缺灌溉水平对玉米农艺性状、籽粒产量和用水效率有显著影响（P<0.01）。在100%ETc的常规沟灌系统下获得的最高籽粒产量为7.99吨/公顷，显著高于其他处理；在50%ETc的固定沟灌系统下获得的最低籽粒产量为4.24吨/公顷，与其他处理相比显著较低。在50%ETc的常规沟灌条件下，作物、田间和费用用水效率的最大值分别为2.49、2.80和1.72千克/立方米。在100%ETc的固定沟灌系统下，作物、田间和费用用水效率的最小值分别为1.47、1.28和1.05千克/立方米。与100%ETc的常规沟灌系统相比，50%ETc的常规沟灌系统每公顷可增加0.64公顷的净新增可灌溉土地。在常规沟灌中节水高达50%ETc可以通过提高用水效率且产量降低不显著来解决缺水问题。
