Boru Getachew Wandifra, Birhan Tigabie Setu, Beyene Terhas Legese
Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia.
Shire Institute of Technology, Aksum University, Shire, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 2;10(21):e40098. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40098. eCollection 2024 Nov 15.
Dwindling water resources with inept field water management impends sustainable agricultural production in semi-arid areas of Ethiopia. Thus, the adaption and adoption of improved irrigation water running lines are indispensable and imperative to recuperate water productivity in areas where water resources are inadequate. The ground experiments were pointed to elucidate the weight of conventional, alternate, and fixed furrow irrigation systems under irrigation levels of 100 %, 70 %, and 40 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) on onion growth, yield, water productivity, and economic return in Alage, Central, Ethiopia. The field trials were conducted at nine treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications and water was managed at fixed intervals with variable depth approach. The result illustrated that furrow systems in conjunction with irrigation levels had a weighty pertain (P < 0.05) on onion growth, yield, water productivity, and economic return. The highest yield of 30.75 ton ha was achieved at conventional furrow irrigation with 100%ETc dictated to zero water saving subsequently, the crop and irrigation water productivity dropped with the values of 6.86 and 5.61 kg m respectively. The diminished yield of 6.39 ton ha obtained at fixed furrow irrigation with 40%ETc conquered the saved water output lastly, the crop and irrigation water productivities demoted with values of 6.87 and 5.70 kg m respectively. Nevertheless, 24.93ton ha of ideal yield was obtained under alternative furrow irrigation with 100%ETc and the 50 % hoarded water was higher than the yield decline. Consequently, the crop and irrigation water productivities rose with values of 10.96 and 9.09 kg m respectively. Eventually, the saved water opened for 0.03ha extra irrigable area that will onward to the highest total expected yield of 37.40 ton ha as compared with all other treatments. Under conventional furrow irrigation with 100%ETc, the obtained yield dominated the wastewater accordingly, the highest net return of 668484ETB ha and benefit-cost ratio of 3.63 was achieved. Besides, the unbearable yield penalty under fixed furrow with 40 % headed to negative net return and lowest befit cost ratio as related with other treatments. However, further economic results confirmed that the 50 % saved water under alternative furrow with 100 % can recompense for the net return reduction that will make this trial combination preferable as compared with other treatments. Other results also recommended that, under water-limiting and inefficient field water governing conditions, alternative furrow irrigation with 100%ETc can be the ideal blend to enhance water productivity in semi-arid regions of Ethiopia and elsewhere that share similar agroclimatic conditions.
水资源日益减少，加上田间用水管理不善，这对埃塞俄比亚半干旱地区可持续农业生产构成了威胁。因此，在水资源不足的地区，采用和推广改良的灌溉输水线路对于恢复水分生产率来说必不可少且迫在眉睫。田间试验旨在阐明常规、交替和固定沟灌系统在作物蒸发散（ETc）的100%、70%和40%灌溉水平下对埃塞俄比亚中部阿拉盖地区洋葱生长、产量、水分生产率和经济回报的影响。田间试验采用随机完全区组设计，设置9种处理，3次重复，采用可变深度方法按固定间隔进行水分管理。结果表明，沟灌系统与灌溉水平对洋葱生长、产量、水分生产率和经济回报有显著影响（P<0.05）。在常规沟灌100%ETc条件下，产量最高，达30.75吨/公顷，随后节水率为零，作物和灌溉水分生产率分别降至6.86和5.61千克/立方米。在固定沟灌40%ETc条件下，产量降至6.39吨/公顷，最终节水效果显著，作物和灌溉水分生产率分别降至6.87和5.70千克/立方米。然而，在交替沟灌100%ETc条件下，产量达24.93吨/公顷，且节省50%的水量高于产量下降幅度。因此，作物和灌溉水分生产率分别提高到10.96和9.09千克/立方米。最终，节省的水量可额外灌溉0.03公顷土地，与所有其他处理相比，总产量预期最高可达37.40吨/公顷。在常规沟灌100%ETc条件下，产量最高，相应地废水处理量最大，实现了最高净收益668484埃塞俄比亚比尔/公顷，效益成本比为3.63。此外，在固定沟灌40%ETc条件下，产量损失严重，导致净收益为负，效益成本比最低。然而，进一步的经济结果表明，在交替沟灌100%ETc条件下节省50%的水量可以弥补净收益的减少，这使得该试验组合比其他处理更具优势。其他结果还表明，在水分受限和田间用水管理低效的条件下，交替沟灌100%ETc可能是提高埃塞俄比亚半干旱地区及其他具有相似农业气候条件地区水分生产率的理想组合。
