Yirdaw Getasew, Dessie Awrajaw, Birhan Tsegaye Adane
Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 14;9(6):e17254. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17254. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Even though adsorption is considered the simple, effective, and efficient method for the treatment of wastewater, accessibility of low-cost and locally available activated carbon remains the challenge. In response to this, recently significant amounts of agricultural byproducts have been investigated to prepare low-cost porous carbon, but there is still a problem related to cost and availability. So, Noug stalk, chosen because of its abundance and low cost as an agricultural byproduct in Ethiopia, was chemically activated with phosphoric acid to produce a low-cost porous carbon. The production of Noug stalk activated carbon (NSAC) is optimized using response surface methodology. A central composite design was used to investigate the effect of three process parameters, namely carbonization temperature (450-650 °C), activation time (90-150 min), and impregnation ratio (w/w) (1-3), on the BET surface area and yield of porous carbon. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) result shows that all three process parameters showed a significant effect on the surface area of porous carbon, while only carbonization temperature showed a significant effect on the yield of porous carbon. The best conditions for NSAC preparation were a carbonization temperature of 537.50 °C, an activation time of 127 min, and an impregnation ratio of 1.95, resulting in a BET surface area and yield of 473.45 m g and 53.78%, respectively. The expected and observed values of the model for the outcome variable were highly comparable. Several analytical techniques, including proximal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N adsorption-desorption, were used to characterize the NSAC. The results demonstrated that the prepared NSAC has a highly porous structure comparable to porous carbon obtained from other biomass feedstocks. This implies it would be used as a potential low-cost alternative for wastewater treatment using the adsorption process.
尽管吸附被认为是处理废水的简单、有效且高效的方法，但低成本且本地可得的活性炭的可及性仍然是一个挑战。针对这一问题，最近人们对大量农业副产品进行了研究，以制备低成本的多孔碳，但在成本和可得性方面仍然存在问题。因此，由于诺格秸秆在埃塞俄比亚作为农业副产品产量丰富且成本低廉而被选用，通过磷酸对其进行化学活化以生产低成本的多孔碳。采用响应面法对诺格秸秆活性炭（NSAC）的生产进行了优化。使用中心复合设计来研究三个工艺参数，即碳化温度（450 - 650℃）、活化时间（90 - 150分钟）和浸渍比（w/w）（1 - 3）对多孔碳的BET表面积和产率的影响。方差分析（ANOVA）结果表明，所有三个工艺参数对多孔碳的表面积均有显著影响，而只有碳化温度对多孔碳的产率有显著影响。制备NSAC的最佳条件为碳化温度537.50℃、活化时间127分钟和浸渍比1.95，此时BET表面积和产率分别为473.45 m²/g和53.78%。模型输出变量的预期值和观测值具有高度可比性。使用了几种分析技术，包括近红外分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和N₂吸附 - 脱附来表征NSAC。结果表明，制备的NSAC具有高度多孔的结构，与从其他生物质原料获得的多孔碳相当。这意味着它将作为一种潜在的低成本替代品，用于通过吸附过程处理废水。
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