Rholl Erin, Leuthner Steven R
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2023 Jul 7;11:1223710. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1223710. eCollection 2023.
Advancements in maternal-fetal interventions have allowed for direct fetal access, shifting the focus of interventions from maternal health for fetal health to a focus on sole fetal/neonatal benefit. Given that access to the fetus can only be obtained through the mother, there are ethical considerations important to consider when counseling the maternal-fetal dyad. The goals of maternal-fetal interventions range from improved fetal/neonatal survival to decreased long-term morbidities and improved quality of life. However, interventions to improve quality of life may not always achieve their desired result. Additionally, maternal-fetal interventions have risks such as premature birth and other complications that should be heavily considered as they may offset the potential benefits of the procedure. While some families elect for a maternal-fetal intervention, doing every potential postnatal intervention may not be in alignment with their goals depending on the outcome of the intervention. Given the complex, value-laden decision-making that is crucial to counseling parents about decisions surrounding maternal-fetal interventions and subsequent neonatal care, palliative care specialists should be utilized in fetal centers. Palliative care specialists are trained to assist with complex, goal concordant decision-making and can guide families and medical teams through the decision points that arise during the treatment journey.
母胎干预技术的进步使得能够直接接触胎儿,干预重点从关注母体健康以保障胎儿健康,转变为仅关注胎儿/新生儿的益处。鉴于只能通过母亲接触到胎儿,在为母婴双方提供咨询时,有一些伦理考量因素很重要。母胎干预的目标范围从提高胎儿/新生儿存活率到降低长期发病率以及改善生活质量。然而,旨在改善生活质量的干预措施可能并不总能达到预期效果。此外,母胎干预存在早产和其他并发症等风险,这些风险应予以高度重视,因为它们可能抵消该手术的潜在益处。虽然一些家庭选择进行母胎干预,但根据干预结果,进行每一项潜在的产后干预可能并不符合他们的目标。鉴于围绕母胎干预及后续新生儿护理的决策对于为父母提供咨询至关重要,且涉及复杂的、充满价值观的决策过程,胎儿中心应配备姑息治疗专家。姑息治疗专家经过培训,能够协助进行复杂的、目标一致的决策,并可在治疗过程中出现决策点时,指导家庭和医疗团队。