Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Jul 7;14:1223583. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1223583. eCollection 2023.
The rapidly developing research field of epitranscriptomics has recently emerged into the spotlight of researchers due to its vast regulatory effects on gene expression and thereby cellular physiology and pathophysiology. N-methyladenosine (mA) and N,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (mAm) are among the most prevalent and well-characterized modified nucleosides in eukaryotic RNA. Both of these modifications are dynamically regulated by a complex set of epitranscriptomic regulators called writers, readers, and erasers. Altered levels of mA and also several regulatory proteins were already associated with diabetic tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge and gaps about mA and mAm modifications and their respective regulators in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. It focuses mainly on the more prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its treatment by metformin, the first-line antidiabetic agent. A better understanding of epitranscriptomic modifications in this highly prevalent disease deserves further investigation and might reveal clinically relevant discoveries in the future.
表观转录组学是一个快速发展的研究领域，由于其对基因表达以及细胞生理学和病理生理学的广泛调控作用，最近引起了研究人员的关注。N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)和 N,2'-O-二甲基腺苷(mAm)是真核 RNA 中最普遍和研究最充分的修饰核苷之一。这两种修饰都受到称为写入器、读取器和橡皮擦的复杂表观转录组调节剂的动态调控。m6A 和几种调节蛋白的水平改变已与糖尿病组织有关。这篇综述总结了关于 m6A 和 mAm 修饰及其在糖尿病病理生理学中的各自调节剂的最新知识和差距。它主要侧重于更常见的 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)及其一线抗糖尿病药物二甲双胍的治疗。对这种高度流行疾病中表观转录组修饰的更好理解值得进一步研究，并可能在未来揭示具有临床相关性的发现。
