Huang Zhuo, Yao Qinyan, Ma Shuang, Zhou Jinjie, Wang Xiaoxuan, Meng Qingguo, Liu Yaxin, Yu Zihan, Chen Xin
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jan 29;16:1504395. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1504395. eCollection 2025.
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in human metabolic health by influencing immune responses, digestion, and metabolic homeostasis. Recent research highlights the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and RNA, especially non-coding RNAs, in regulating metabolic processes. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic heart disease. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulate RNA expression, influencing lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and inflammatory responses. Additionally, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as critical regulators in these processes, with emerging evidence showing that gut-derived metabolites affect post-transcriptional gene regulation. This review synthesizes the current understanding of the gut microbiota-RNA axis and its role in metabolic diseases. By exploring the molecular mechanisms, particularly how gut microbiota-derived signals modulate RNA pathways, the review underscores the potential of targeting this axis for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, it examines how dysbiosis leads to epigenetic changes such as m6A RNA methylation, contributing to disease pathogenesis. These insights offer a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, with potential applications in personalized medicine.
肠道微生物群通过影响免疫反应、消化和代谢稳态，在人类代谢健康中发挥着关键作用。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物群与RNA，尤其是非编码RNA，在调节代谢过程中的复杂相互作用。肠道微生物群的失调与2型糖尿病、肥胖症、代谢相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）和代谢性心脏病等代谢紊乱有关。微生物代谢产物，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs），调节RNA表达，影响脂质代谢、葡萄糖调节和炎症反应。此外，微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）在这些过程中作为关键调节因子，新出现的证据表明，肠道衍生的代谢产物会影响转录后基因调控。这篇综述综合了目前对肠道微生物群-RNA轴及其在代谢疾病中的作用的理解。通过探索分子机制，特别是肠道微生物群衍生的信号如何调节RNA途径，该综述强调了针对这一轴进行治疗干预的潜力。此外，它还研究了菌群失调如何导致m6A RNA甲基化等表观遗传变化，从而促进疾病的发病机制。这些见解为代谢疾病的预防和治疗提供了新的视角，在个性化医学中具有潜在应用价值。
