Ferrari Luca, Cattaneo Donata M I R, Abbate Rossella, Manoni Michele, Ottoboni Matteo, Luciano Alice, von Holst Christoph, Pinotti Luciano
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium.
Anim Nutr. 2023 May 20;14:193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.002. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in animal and human development and physiological homoeostasis. This review surveys the role of Se in the environment, plants and animal bodies, and discusses data on Se biofortification with different sources of supplementation, from inorganic to organic forms, with special focus on Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast). Although Se-yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se, other emerging and innovative sources are reviewed, such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles and their potential use in animal nutrition. Se-enriched insects are discussed as an option for supplying Se in organic form to livestock diets. Se-nanoparticles are also discussed, as they represent a more biocompatible and less toxic source of inorganic Se for animal organisms, compared to selenite and selenate. We also provide up to date information on the legal framework in the EU, USA, and Canada of Se that is contained in feed additives. From the scientific evidence available in the literature, it can be concluded that among the inorganic forms, sodium selenite is still one of the main options, whereas Se-yeast remains the primary organic form. However, other potential sources such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles are being investigated as they could potentially combine a high bioavailability and reduced Se emissions in the environment.
硒(Se)是一种必需的微量营养素,在动物和人类发育以及生理稳态中发挥着重要作用。本文综述了硒在环境、植物和动物体内的作用,并讨论了不同补充来源(从无机形式到有机形式)的硒生物强化数据,特别关注富硒酵母(Se-yeast)。尽管富硒酵母仍然是有机硒的主要来源之一,但本文也综述了其他新兴和创新来源,如富硒昆虫和硒纳米颗粒及其在动物营养中的潜在用途。富硒昆虫被作为一种向家畜日粮提供有机形式硒的选择进行了讨论。硒纳米颗粒也被讨论了,因为与亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐相比,它们对动物机体而言是一种生物相容性更好、毒性更低的无机硒来源。我们还提供了欧盟、美国和加拿大饲料添加剂中硒的法律框架的最新信息。从文献中可得的科学证据可以得出结论,在无机形式中,亚硒酸钠仍然是主要选择之一,而富硒酵母仍然是主要的有机形式。然而,其他潜在来源,如富硒昆虫和硒纳米颗粒正在被研究,因为它们有可能兼具高生物利用度和减少环境中硒排放的特点。