Raneri Jessica E, Boedecker Julia, Fallas Conejo Diego A, Muir Giulia, Hanley-Cook Giles, Lachat Carl
Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Senior Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Advisor to the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, and Agricultural Development and Food Security Section, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, NSW, Australia.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 6;10:1186707. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186707. eCollection 2023.
Food systems are the primary cause of biodiversity loss globally. Biodiversity and specifically, the role that wild, forest and neglected and underutilised species (NUS) foods might play in diet quality is gaining increased attention. The narrow focus on producing affordable staples for dietary energy has contributed to largely homogenous and unhealthy diets. To date, evidence to quantify the nutritional contribution of these biodiverse foods is limited. A scoping review was conducted to document the methods used to quantify the contribution of wild, forest and NUS foods. We found 37 relevant articles from 22 different countries, mainly from Africa (45%), the Americas (19%), and Asia (10%). There were 114 different classifications used for the foods, 73% of these were specifically related to wild or forest foods. Most dietary assessments were completed using a single day qualitative or quantitative 24 h open recall ( = 23), or a food frequency questionnaire ( = 12). There were 18 different diet related indicators used, mainly nutrient adequacy ( = 9) and dietary diversity scores ( = 9). Often, no specific nutritionally validated diet metric was used. There were 16 studies that presented results (semi) quantitatively to measure the contribution of wild, forest or NUS foods to dietary intakes. Of these, 38% were aggregated together with broader classifications of 'traditional' or 'local' foods, without definitions provided meaning it was not possible to determine if or to what extend wild, forest of NUS foods were included (or not). In almost all studies there was insufficient detail on the magnitude of the associations between wild, forest or NUS foods and dietary energy or nutrient intakes or the (qualitative) diet recall methodologies that were used inhibited the quantification of the contribution of these foods to diets. A set of six recommendations are put forward to strengthen the evidence on the contribution of wild, NUS, and forest foods to human diets.
粮食系统是全球生物多样性丧失的主要原因。生物多样性，特别是野生、森林以及被忽视和未充分利用的物种（NUS）食物在饮食质量中可能发挥的作用，正日益受到关注。对生产经济适用主食以提供膳食能量的狭隘关注，导致了饮食在很大程度上同质化且不健康。迄今为止，量化这些生物多样性食物营养贡献的证据有限。开展了一项范围综述，以记录用于量化野生、森林和NUS食物贡献的方法。我们从22个不同国家找到了37篇相关文章，主要来自非洲（45%）、美洲（19%）和亚洲（10%）。这些食物使用了114种不同的分类，其中73%与野生或森林食物具体相关。大多数膳食评估是通过单日定性或定量的24小时开放式回忆法（n = 23）或食物频率问卷（n = 12）完成的。使用了18种不同的饮食相关指标，主要是营养充足性（n = 9）和饮食多样性得分（n = 9）。通常，没有使用经过营养验证的特定饮食指标。有16项研究以（半）定量方式呈现结果，以衡量野生、森林或NUS食物对膳食摄入量的贡献。其中，38%与“传统”或“当地”食物的更广泛分类汇总在一起，且未给出定义，这意味着无法确定是否纳入了野生森林或NUS食物以及纳入的程度。几乎在所有研究中，关于野生、森林或NUS食物与膳食能量或营养摄入量之间关联的程度，或者所使用的（定性）饮食回忆方法，都缺乏足够细节，这妨碍了对这些食物对饮食贡献的量化。提出了六项建议，以加强关于野生、NUS和森林食物对人类饮食贡献的证据。
