Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina.
Department of Neuropsychologist, University of Sao Paulo, Faculty of Medicine Clinics Hospital.
Neuropsychology. 2024 Feb;38(2):107-125. doi: 10.1037/neu0000922. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Executive functions (EFs) are a multifaceted construct, important for several outcomes throughout life. The most commonly addressed executive components are inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. To map how other executive components are addressed conceptually and methodologically in the literature, a scoping review was carried out.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. The database search (2017-2022) was carried out on the APA PsycInfo, Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases. A total of 3,473 articles were identified; 1,302 remained after screening. Given the large number of articles, a sample calculation was performed (95% CI and 5% error), with 297 articles randomly selected for full-text reading and 242 studies included for analysis.
There was a predominance of health application studies in adults and older adults and in developed countries. There is relative conceptual consensus that EF are a multidimensional construct; however, there is no explicit identification of the theoretical model used in the studies. A diversity of EF was evidenced, which broadens the understanding of the construct, its assessment, and intervention targets. Furthermore, there was a variety of instruments used to assess these skills, with a predominance of performance tests, often with construct-instrument ambivalence between studies.
The mapping showed a diversity of skills referred to as EF in addition to the core components and identified the instruments used in their assessment. Greater conceptual and structural clarity and greater methodological care are fundamental to support the assessment of EF and their intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
执行功能（EFs）是一个多方面的结构，对一生中的多个结果都很重要。最常被关注的执行成分是抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。为了在文献中概念性和方法性地描述其他执行成分，进行了范围综述。
使用系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目中的范围综述指南。数据库搜索（2017-2022 年）在 APA PsycInfo、Medline、Scopus、LILACS 和 SciELO 数据库中进行。共确定了 3473 篇文章；筛选后剩下 1302 篇。鉴于文章数量较多，进行了样本计算（95%置信区间和 5%误差），随机选择了 297 篇文章进行全文阅读，有 242 项研究被纳入分析。
成人和老年人以及发达国家的健康应用研究居多。相对概念上的共识是 EF 是一个多维结构；然而，研究中没有明确识别使用的理论模型。研究表明 EF 具有多样性，从而拓宽了对该结构及其评估和干预目标的理解。此外，还使用了各种工具来评估这些技能，其中以表现测试居多，研究之间往往存在工具与结构之间的混淆。
该映射除了核心成分外，还展示了多样化的技能，这些技能被称为 EF，并确定了用于评估这些技能的工具。为了支持 EF 的评估及其干预，概念和结构上的更清晰以及方法上的更严谨是至关重要的。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
