Viola Nicole M, Lundine Jennifer P, Kirihara Sho, Nemeth Julianna
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Division of Health Behaviour and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2025 Feb;44(2):626-639. doi: 10.1111/dar.13991. Epub 2024 Dec 17.
Creating and implementing a plan to successfully quit smoking likely requires executive function (EF) skills such as inhibition, cognitive flexibility, attention and working memory. This scoping review consolidates the research evidence evaluating the role of EF in smoking cessation.
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), researchers and a medical librarian searched PubMed, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL and PSYCINFO in June 2022, hand-search in September 2022 using relevant MeSH terms, and an updated search was completed in August 2024.
Fifteen articles were included. Self-regulation was the most frequently evaluated EF across all studies. Performance on measures of impulsivity was most frequently related to successful smoking cessation. Across studies, performance on measures in areas of attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility and higher-level EF was variable as it relates to smoking cessation success. There was considerable variability in the measures used to evaluate EF and definitions of cessation success. Across studies, very little research evaluates higher-level EF.
Differences in EF and cessation measures make comparisons across studies difficult. Future work is needed utilising common assessment and outcome measures that will improve our understanding of the complex cognitive skills needed for successful cessation. Particular consideration should be given to higher-level EFs including reasoning, planning, problem-solving and decision-making.
制定并实施一项成功戒烟的计划可能需要执行功能（EF）技能，如抑制、认知灵活性、注意力和工作记忆。本综述整合了评估执行功能在戒烟中作用的研究证据。
按照系统评价和Meta分析扩展版的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR），研究人员和医学图书馆员于2022年6月检索了PubMed、EMBASE、ERIC、CINAHL和PSYCINFO，2022年9月使用相关医学主题词进行手工检索，并于2024年8月完成更新检索。
纳入了15篇文章。自我调节是所有研究中最常评估的执行功能。冲动性测量指标的表现最常与成功戒烟相关。在各项研究中，注意力、工作记忆、认知灵活性和高级执行功能领域的测量指标与戒烟成功之间的关系各不相同。用于评估执行功能的测量方法和戒烟成功的定义存在很大差异。在各项研究中，很少有研究评估高级执行功能。
执行功能和戒烟测量方法的差异使得不同研究之间难以进行比较。未来需要开展利用通用评估和结果测量方法的研究，这将增进我们对成功戒烟所需复杂认知技能的理解。应特别考虑包括推理、规划、解决问题和决策在内的高级执行功能。
