The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
J Physiol. 2023 Sep;601(18):3995-4012. doi: 10.1113/JP284686. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease whose global incidence increases annually. The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is a crucial aspect of asthma research with respect to different endotypes of asthma. Based on its pathological and inflammatory features, asthma is divided into type 2 high and type 2 low endotypes. Type-2 high asthma is distinguished by the activation of type 2 immune cells, including T helper 2 (Th2) cells and ILC2s; the production of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13; eosinophilic aggregation; and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Type-2 low asthma represents a variety of endotypes other than type 2 high endotype such as the IL-1β/ILC3/neutrophil endotype and a paucigranulocytic asthma, which may be insensitive to corticosteroid treatment and/or associated with obesity. The complexity of asthma is due to the involvement of multiple cell types, including tissue-resident ILCs and other innate immune cells including bronchial epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and eosinophils, which provide immediate defence against viruses, pathogens and allergens. On this basis, innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells combine to induce the pathological condition of asthma. In addition, the plasticity of ILCs increases the heterogeneity of asthma. This review focuses on the phenotypes of tissue-resident ILCs and their roles in the different endotypes of asthma, as well as the mechanisms of tissue-resident ILCs and other immune cells. Based on the phenotypes, roles and mechanisms of immune cells, the therapeutic strategies for asthma are reviewed.
哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病，其全球发病率逐年上升。固有淋巴细胞（ILC）的作用是哮喘研究的一个关键方面，涉及哮喘的不同表型。根据其病理和炎症特征，哮喘分为 2 型高和 2 型低表型。2 型高哮喘的特点是 2 型免疫细胞（包括辅助性 T 细胞 2（Th2）细胞和 ILC2）的激活；细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-4、IL-5 和 IL-13 的产生；嗜酸性粒细胞聚集；和支气管高反应性。2 型低哮喘代表了除 2 型高表型以外的多种表型，如 IL-1β/ILC3/中性粒细胞表型和少粒细胞性哮喘，这些表型可能对皮质类固醇治疗不敏感和/或与肥胖有关。哮喘的复杂性是由于涉及多种细胞类型，包括组织驻留的 ILC 和其他固有免疫细胞，如支气管上皮细胞、树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞，它们提供了对病毒、病原体和过敏原的即时防御。在此基础上，固有免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞结合诱导哮喘的病理状态。此外，ILC 的可塑性增加了哮喘的异质性。本综述重点介绍组织驻留 ILC 的表型及其在哮喘不同表型中的作用，以及组织驻留 ILC 和其他免疫细胞的作用机制。基于免疫细胞的表型、作用和机制，对哮喘的治疗策略进行了综述。
