Pereira Austin, Adekunle R Damilola, Zaman Michele, Wan Michael J
University of Toronto Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
Clin Ophthalmol. 2023 Jul 19;17:2045-2062. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S401262. eCollection 2023.
Vitamin deficiencies can have adverse effects on health, including on the visual system. The ocular manifestations of a vitamin deficiency are related to the underlying biochemical function of the particular nutrient. While vitamin deficiencies are not common in developed counties, they are still prevalent in parts of the developing world and in specific, vulnerable populations. Vitamin deficiencies can cause or contribute to many ophthalmological conditions and eye diseases may even be the first presenting finding of a vitamin deficiency. As such, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of the ocular manifestations of vitamin deficiencies, especially given that the complications can be severe and effectively treated if identified early. This review summarizes the literature on the main vitamins known to have characteristic ocular manifestations: vitamins A, B1, B2, B9, B12, C, D, E and K. The function, epidemiology, manifestations, workup, and management of each vitamin is discussed in detail.
维生素缺乏会对健康产生不利影响，包括对视觉系统。维生素缺乏的眼部表现与特定营养素的潜在生化功能有关。虽然维生素缺乏在发达国家并不常见，但在发展中国家的部分地区以及特定的弱势群体中仍然普遍存在。维生素缺乏可导致或促成许多眼科疾病，眼部疾病甚至可能是维生素缺乏的首个表现。因此，眼科医生了解维生素缺乏的眼部表现非常重要，特别是考虑到如果早期发现，并发症可能很严重且能得到有效治疗。本综述总结了关于已知具有特征性眼部表现的主要维生素的文献：维生素A、B1、B2、B9、B12、C、D、E和K。详细讨论了每种维生素的功能、流行病学、表现、检查和管理。
