Duarte-Aké Fátima, Us-Camas Rosa, De-la-Peña Clelia
Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34. Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Mexico.
Departamento de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación del Instituto Tecnológico Superior del Calkiní en el Estado de Campeche (ITESCAM), Av. AH Canun S/N San Felipe, Calkiní 24900, Mexico.
Epigenomes. 2023 Jul 24;7(3):14. doi: 10.3390/epigenomes7030014.
Epigenetic regulation has the potential to revolutionize plant breeding and improve crop yields by regulating gene expression in plants. DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic modifications that can impact plant development, stress responses, productivity, and yields. Higher-yielding crops not only generate greater profits for farmers and seed producers, but also require less land, water, fuel, and fertilizer than traditional crops for equivalent yields. The use of heterosis in crops can influence productivity and food quality, but producing hybrids with superior agronomic traits to their parents remains challenging. However, epigenetic markers, such as histone methylation and acetylation, may help select parental and hybrid combinations with better performances than the parental plants. This review assesses the potential applications of epigenetics in crop breeding and improvement, rendering agriculture more efficient, sustainable, and adaptable to changing environmental conditions.
表观遗传调控有潜力通过调节植物中的基因表达来彻底改变植物育种并提高作物产量。DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰是关键的表观遗传修饰，它们会影响植物发育、应激反应、生产力和产量。高产作物不仅能为农民和种子生产商带来更高的利润，而且与传统作物相比，在同等产量下所需的土地、水、燃料和肥料更少。作物中杂种优势的利用会影响生产力和食品质量，但培育出农艺性状优于其亲本的杂交种仍然具有挑战性。然而，诸如组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化等表观遗传标记，可能有助于选择性能优于亲本植物的亲本和杂交组合。本综述评估了表观遗传学在作物育种和改良中的潜在应用，使农业更高效、可持续，并能适应不断变化的环境条件。
