Tahlil Kadija M, Nwaozuru Ucheoma, Conserve Donaldson F, Onyeama Ujunwa F, Ojo Victor, Day Suzanne, Ong Jason J, Tang Weiming, Rosenberg Nora E, Gbajabiamila Titi, Nkengasong Susan, Obiezu-Umeh Chisom, Oladele David, Iwelunmor Juliet, Ezechi Oliver, Tucker Joseph D
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023 Jul 26;3(7):e0002202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002202. eCollection 2023.
Crowdsourcing is an interactive process that has a group of individuals attempt to solve all or part of a problem and then share solutions with the public. Crowdsourcing is increasingly used to enhance training through developing learning materials and promoting mentorship. This scoping review aims to assess the literature on crowdsourcing for training in public health. We searched five medical and public health research databases using terms related to crowdsourcing and training. For this review, the concept of crowdsourcing included open calls, designathons, and other activities. We used a PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews. Each full-text was assessed by two independent reviewers. We identified 4,071 citations, and 74 studies were included in the scoping review. This included one study in a low-income country, 15 studies in middle-income countries, 35 studies in high-income countries, and 11 studies conducted in multiple countries of varying income levels (the country income level for 12 studies could not be ascertained). Nine studies used open calls, 35 used a hackathon, designathon or other "a-thon" event, and 30 used other crowdsourcing methods, such as citizen science programs and online creation platforms. In terms of crowdsourcing purpose, studies used crowdsourcing to educate participants (20 studies), develop learning materials (17 studies), enhance mentorship (13 studies) and identify trainees (9 studies). Fifteen studies used crowdsourcing for more than one training purpose. Thirty-four studies were done in-person, 31 were conducted virtually and nine used both meeting options for their crowdsourcing events. Seventeen studies generated open access materials. Our review found that crowdsourcing has been increasingly used to support public health training. This participatory approach can be a useful tool for training in a variety of settings and populations. Future research should investigate the impact of crowdsourcing on training outcomes.
众包是一个互动过程,让一群个体尝试解决全部或部分问题,然后与公众分享解决方案。众包越来越多地被用于通过开发学习材料和促进指导来加强培训。本范围综述旨在评估关于众包用于公共卫生培训的文献。我们使用与众包和培训相关的术语在五个医学和公共卫生研究数据库中进行了检索。对于本综述,众包的概念包括公开征集、设计马拉松及其他活动。我们使用PRISMA清单进行范围综述。每篇全文由两名独立评审员进行评估。我们识别出4071条引文,74项研究纳入了范围综述。其中包括一项在低收入国家开展的研究、15项在中等收入国家开展的研究、35项在高收入国家开展的研究以及11项在不同收入水平的多个国家开展的研究(有12项研究的国家收入水平无法确定)。9项研究使用了公开征集,35项使用了黑客马拉松、设计马拉松或其他“马拉松”活动,30项使用了其他众包方法,如公民科学项目和在线创作平台。在众包目的方面,研究使用众包来教育参与者(20项研究)、开发学习材料(17项研究)、加强指导(13项研究)以及识别受训人员(9项研究)。15项研究将众包用于不止一个培训目的。34项研究是面对面进行的,31项是虚拟开展的,9项在众包活动中同时使用了这两种方式。17项研究生成了开放获取材料。我们的综述发现,众包越来越多地被用于支持公共卫生培训。这种参与式方法可以成为在各种环境和人群中进行培训的有用工具。未来的研究应调查众包对培训结果的影响。
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