Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Dec;82 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S271-S278. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002193.
Crowdsourcing is increasingly used to improve community engagement in HIV and sexual health research. In this scoping review, we reviewed studies using crowdsourcing approaches in HIV and sexual health research to identify strengths, opportunities for expansion, and limitations of such approaches.
We searched CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed. Studies were included if they involved crowdsourcing activities, were in the field of HIV or sexual health, and described the methodology in sufficient detail. We conducted a qualitative synthesis of eligible articles.
Our search strategy yielded 431 nonduplicate articles. After screening, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 4 publications that described research from high-income countries, 7 from middle-income countries, 1 from a low-income country, and 4 that had a global focus. There were 4 categories of crowdsourcing: open contests, hackathons, open forums, and incident reporting systems. We identified common phases for data acquisition and dissemination: (1) preparation; (2) problem framing and crowd solicitation; (3) judging submissions; and (4) sharing selected submissions. Strengths of using crowdsourcing approaches include greater innovation due to crowd heterogeneity, encouragement of multisectoral collaboration, empowerment of vulnerable populations, cost-effectiveness, and relevance to local cultures and styles. Weaknesses among some methods include reliance on the internet, temporal transience, and difficulty in sustaining long-term community engagement.
Crowdsourcing may be useful for HIV implementation research. Further research on crowdsourcing related to HIV and sexual health is needed.
众包越来越多地被用于提高 HIV 和性健康研究中的社区参与度。在这项范围综述中，我们回顾了使用众包方法进行 HIV 和性健康研究的研究，以确定这些方法的优势、扩展机会和局限性。
我们在 CINAHL、Web of Science、Embase 和 PubMed 上进行了搜索。如果研究涉及众包活动，处于 HIV 或性健康领域，并详细描述了方法，则将其纳入研究。我们对合格文章进行了定性综合分析。
我们的搜索策略产生了 431 篇非重复文章。经过筛选，有 16 篇文章符合纳入标准，其中包括 4 篇来自高收入国家的出版物，7 篇来自中等收入国家，1 篇来自低收入国家，以及 4 篇具有全球重点的出版物。众包有 4 种类型：公开竞赛、黑客马拉松、公开论坛和事件报告系统。我们确定了数据获取和传播的常见阶段：（1）准备；（2）问题框架和人群征集；（3）评判提交内容；（4）分享选定的提交内容。使用众包方法的优势包括由于人群异质性而带来的更大创新、鼓励多部门合作、增强弱势群体的权能、成本效益以及与当地文化和风格的相关性。一些方法的弱点包括对互联网的依赖、时间短暂性以及难以维持长期的社区参与。
众包可能对 HIV 实施研究有用。需要进一步研究与 HIV 和性健康相关的众包。
