Department of Gynecological Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Radiol Oncol. 2023 Jul 26;57(3):292-298. doi: 10.2478/raon-2023-0038. eCollection 2023 Sep 1.
The term genitourinary syndrome of menopause was first used in 2014 by the North American Menopause Society and the International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health to describe conditions previously known as atrophic vaginitis, urogenital atrophy, or vulvovaginal atrophy. It is a complex, chronic, progressive condition characterized by a wide range of signs and symptoms affecting sexual function and the tissues of the urinary and genital tracts. The main cause of genitourinary syndrome of menopause is estrogen deficiency caused by ovarian removal or dysfunction. The most bothersome symptoms are vaginal dryness, decreased vaginal lubrication, and pain during penetration and intercourse. They all have a negative impact on the quality of life.
The main goal of treatment is to relieve the symptoms. Treatment modalities are pharmacological or non-pharmacological. The first-line treatment for mild to moderate symptoms is the use of personal lubricants and moisturizers, but the gold standard is estrogen replacement therapy. Hormone therapy may not be an option for women with hormone-dependent cancer.
2014 年，北美绝经学会和国际女性性健康学会首次使用“女性生殖泌尿综合征”这一术语来描述以前被称为萎缩性阴道炎、泌尿生殖器官萎缩或外阴阴道萎缩的病症。它是一种复杂的、慢性的、进行性疾病，其特征是一系列广泛的影响性功能和泌尿生殖道组织的体征和症状。女性生殖泌尿综合征的主要原因是卵巢切除或功能障碍导致的雌激素缺乏。最令人困扰的症状是阴道干燥、阴道润滑减少以及性交时疼痛。所有这些都会对生活质量产生负面影响。
治疗的主要目标是缓解症状。治疗方法包括药物治疗和非药物治疗。对于轻度至中度症状，一线治疗方法是使用个人润滑剂和保湿剂，但金标准是雌激素替代疗法。激素治疗可能不是患有激素依赖性癌症的女性的选择。
